Maleylacetate reductases (EC 1.3.1.32) have been shown to contribute not only to the bacterial catabolism of some usual aromatic compounds like quinol or resorcinol but also to the degradation of aromatic compounds carrying unusual substituents, such as halogen atoms or nitro groups. Genes coding for maleylacetate reductases so far have been analyzed mainly in chloroaromatic compound-utilizing ...

The gene (hmgA) for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 was cloned and sequenced. S. solfataricus HMG-CoA reductase exhibited a high degree of sequence identity (47%) to the HMG-CoA reductase of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Phylogenetic analyses of HMG-CoA reductase protein sequences sug...

growing group of NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases that metabolize carbohydrates, steroids, prostaglandins, and other endogenous aldehydes and ketones, as well as xenobiotic compounds. Currently there are more than a hundred known members of this superfamily classified into 14 families. The largest family, AKR1, is subdivided into five subfamilies: AKR1A) mammalian aldehyde reductases; AKR1B)...

The transfer of electrons from the pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases to cytochrome c is mediated by a class of enzymes which has been termed the cytochrome c reductases (1). Two TPNH cytochrome c reductases, both flavoproteins, have been purified, one by Haas et al. (1) from yeast, and another by Horecker (2) from liver.’ Analogous enzymes in the case of DPNH have been implicated in par...

Reduction of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide and vitamin K catalyzed by hepatic microsomal enzymes is required for normal, postribosomal, gamma-carboxyglutamate formation in the prothrombin complex Factors II, VII, IX, and X. The R- and S-warfarin enantiomers differentially inhibit (S-warfarin is 2 to 5 times more active) vitamin K function by mechanisms which have not been unambiguously determined. As a...

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductases are widespread in bacteria and often function in anaerobic respiration. The regulation and expression of TMAO reductase operons have been well studied in model genera such as Escherichia, Shewanella, and Rhodobacter, although TMAO reductases are present in many other bacteria, including the marine Vibrio species. The genome sequence of Vibrio fischeri re...