1. Invasive species are one of the leading threats to biodiversity worldwide. Therefore, chemical herbicides are increasingly used to control invasive plants in natural and semi-natural areas. Little is known about the non-target impacts of these chemicals on native species. 2. We conducted an experiment to test the demographic effects of the herbicide picloram on a native dominant forb, arrowl...

The influence of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEO), formulated as the adjuvant Agral 90, on the effects of the diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis was investigated, with particular attention to the reproductive performances and underlying energetic and hormonal processes. Separate short-term exposures to low concentrations of fomesafen and fomesafen-Agral mix...

Runoff from farm fields is a common source of herbicide residues in surface waters. Incorporation by irrigation has the potential to reduce herbicide runoff risks. To assess impacts, rainfall was simulated on plots located in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field in Georgia's Atlantic Coastal Plain region after pre-emergence application of metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-[(1S)...

Abstract Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity associated with conventional management (that is, fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 2 factorial experiment, we assessed effects of vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity profitabili...

Volunteer potato is a major weed pest of sweet corn in regions where winter soil temperatures fail to kill tubers left in the ground after harvest. Studies were conducted in 2004 to 2005 to determine the effect of combining atrazine with mesotrione applied POST on volunteer potato control and new tuber production in sweet corn. Mesotrione at 0.035, 0.07, and 0.1 kg/ha and atrazine at 0.3, 0.6, ...

An area of interest in precision farming is variable-rate application of herbicides to optimize herbicide use efficiency and minimize negative off-site and non-target effects. Site-specific weed management based on field scale management zones derived from soil characteristics known to affect soil-applied herbicide efficacy could alleviate challenges posed by post-emergence precision weed manag...

Herbicides are currently pivotal to control weeds and sustain food security. Herbicides must efficiently kill weeds while being as harmless as possible for crops, even crops taxonomically close to weeds. To increase their selectivity toward crops, some herbicides are sprayed in association with safeners that are bioactive compounds exacerbating herbicide-degrading pathways reputedly specificall...

The synergistic interaction between mesotrione, a hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide, and atrazine, a photosystem II (PS II)-inhibiting herbicide, has been identified in the control of several weed species. A series of dose–response studies examined the synergistic effect of these herbicides on a susceptible (S) wild radish population. The potential for this interacti...

Limited information is available on control of broadleaf weeds in barley and response of barley cultivars to herbicides. Field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate post-emergence herbicides for control of broadleaf weeds in four barley cultivars. Herbicide treatments included 2,4-D sodium salt at 500 g ai ha 1, carfentrazone-ethyl at three rates (15, 20 and 25 g ai ha 1), an...