background: damage to spermatogenic and fertility disorders are among major side effects of chemotography drugs such as busulfan. to reduce the side effects of these drugs different methods such as protecting and fixing germinal cell epithelium, while employing chemotherapy are used. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the treatment of oligospermic in s...

Stereopsis is the primary cue underlying our ability to make fine depth judgments. In adults, depth discriminations are supported largely by relative rather than absolute binocular disparity, and depth is perceived primarily for horizontal rather than vertical disparities. Although human infants begin to exhibit disparity-specific responses between 3 and 5 months of age, it is not known how rel...

Neurons in the rostral lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus (TEs), part of the inferior temporal cortex, respond selectively to three-dimensional (3D) shapes. We have investigated how these neurons represent disparity-defined 3D structure. Most neurons were selective for either first-order (disparity gradients) or second-order (disparity curvature) disparities. The latter selectivity prov...

Background Reproductive dysfunction and endocrine disorders are common among men with complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Diminished sexual desire and responsiveness along with decreased libido and less orgasm are frequently described in men with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It appears that the reduced fertility in epileptic men is accompanied by erectile dysfunction and abnormal...

Pink and Blue Pixel$: Gender and Economic Disparity in Two Massive Online Games Vili Lehdonvirta, Rabindra A. Ratan, Tracy L. M. Kennedy & Dmitri Williams a Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom b Department of Telecommunication, Information Studies and Media, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA c Department of Communication, Popular Culture ...

Even​ ​with​ ​all​ ​the​ ​progress​ ​women​ ​have​ ​made​ ​in​ ​the​ ​modern​ ​era,​ ​we​ ​wanted​ ​to​ ​see​ ​how​ ​gender inequality​ ​persisted​ ​in​ ​the​ ​educational​ ​sphere,​ ​particularly​ ​when​ ​categorizing​ ​nations​ ​by​ ​development.​ ​To do​ ​this,​ ​we​ ​obtained​ ​data​ ​on​ ​poverty,​ ​literacy​ ​rates​ ​and​ ​GNI​ ​per​ ​capita​ ​and​ ​analyzed​ ​the​ ​correlation​ ​with the...

Building on the modal and amodal completion work of Kanizsa, Carman and Welch showed that binocular stereo viewing of two disparate images can give rise to a percept of 3D curved, nonclosed illusory contours and surfaces. Here, it is shown that binocular presentation can also give rise to the percept of closed curved surfaces or volumes that appear to vary smoothly across discrete depths in bin...

Attentional influence over perception is particularly pronounced when sensory stimulation is ambiguous, where attention can reduce stimulus uncertainty and promote a stable interpretation of the world. However, binocular rivalry, an extensively studied visual ambiguity, has proved to be comparatively resistant to attentional modulation. We hypothesize that this apparent inconsistency reflects f...

The size of focused attention was assessed within a three-dimensional display. Subjects viewed random-dot stereogram displays in which they responded differentially to vertical and horizontal bars. Adjacent noise elements either were identical to the response target or specified the opposite response. The position of the noise elements was varied in depth according to binocular disparity. Inter...