A review of heteroditopic interlocked molecules and their application as receptors for simple inorganic ion pair species. The details the design recognition properties rotaxane catenane receptors, well highlighting some experimental challenges; hence, it provides insight into possible future avenues research in this youthful field.

Background: The vascular function of Angiotensin II-type-2 receptors in adults is controversial. We sought their location and function in mouse aortic rings at young and old mice. Materials and Methods: Male C57Bl mice (aged 4 and 14 months) were killed by CO2. The descending thoracic aorta was cleaned and dissected into rings. Aortic rings were mounted in Krebs’ solution at 37 °C an...

Objective: Uses molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling methods to examine the antimalarial activity of apigenin (API) on distinct kinds varieties P. falciparum (Pf) receptors. Methods: Using Autodock 4.0.1 ligandscout software, was conducted multiple types Pf receptors, including lactate dehydrogenase (Oxidoreductase), Enoyl-acyl carrier-protein Triose-phosphate (Isomerase), plasmepsin II...

In the present study, the effects of intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) injections of apomorphine D1, D2-like receptors agonists on morphine-induced place preference in male Wistar rats have been investigated. Subcutaneous administration of different dose of morphine sulphate (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP). Intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) admin...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that has an important role in learning and memory. LTP is a long-lasting increase of synaptic activity due to enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission after a high-frequency train of electrical stimulation. The role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in excitatory synaptic tran...

background although neuregulin-1 （nrg1）and its receptors have been indicated at the mrna level in partial human endocrine organs and its functional roles have been evaluated in vitro, their morphological distribution in higher animals are not fully studied. the present research focused on expression of nrg1 and its main receptors erbb2 and erbb4 in main endocrine organs of the rhesus monkey. ma...

introduction: activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens is a component of drug-induced reward mechanism. in addition, nmda receptors play a major role in brain reward system and activation of these receptors can change firing pattern of dopamine neurons. blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission reduces the expression of conditioned place preferenc...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causal agent of human tuberculosis. The initial events establishment infection include phagocytosis by several innate immune response cells. This chapter will discuss cells involved, phagocytic pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) that recognize and mediate bacteria (such as C-type lectin receptors, Toll-like complement scavenger receptors), outcome this intera...

Background: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal function through stimulation VIP receptors. However, expression VPAC1R, VPAC2R and PAC1R human Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) has not been fully clarified. Therefore, purpose this study to explore these receptors sphincter, responses peptide, role responses.

inflammation serves a protective function in controlling infections and promoting tissue repair, and can also cause damage to tissue and disease. many types of cells involved in this process, expressing the components of the cannabinoid signaling system that can be controlled endogenously or pharmacologically. cannabinoids inhibit neuroinflammation and the immune cells express the whole machine...