Kazakhstan's export relies heavily on oil and other natural resources. Therefore, fluctuations in world prices have important consequences for economy. The effect of the real exchange rate is very economies trying to develop sectors as well gas such Kazakhstan. purpose this study examine possible asymmetric relationships between effective Kazakhstan period January 2010-December 2020. For purpos...

Purpose This paper investigates the asymmetric impact of real effective exchange rate (REER) on Egypt's domestic output from 1960 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model is utilized isolate currency depreciations appreciations and account for potential asymmetry in REER. The analyses various channels via which REER could affect output. Findi...

Failure to timely identify the occurrence of various shocks in the foreign exchange market due to the close relationship with the monetary, macroeconomic, and financial uncertainty can lead to crises and imbalances. In this paper, the effect of exchange rate and investor confidence on monetary and economic uncertainty in Iran is investigated, specifying a Multivariate GARCH model and the Grange...

Abstract: This paper discusses two topics. At first, it uses continuous wavelet (Morlet) transform, coherency, and phase angle analysis to study the effect of mean volatility in OPEC Crude Oil prices, WTI crude oil prices, Brent Crude oil prices and Iran’s crude oil prices on The Iran’s REER. To this end, the monthly data of the variables for years 2003 to 2012 is used. Coherency analysis rev...

among the food products, grains play an important role in the consumption patterns of people, especially in the developing countries. since iran's main source of public dietary energy comes directly from grains, investigating and identifying the determinants of import of these products can be an important step towards food security. most experimental studies consider import of grains as only a ...