The popular reaction–diffusion model for the negative bias temperature instability is discussed from the viewpoint of stochastic chemical kinetics. We present a microscopic formulation of the reaction–diffusion model based on the reaction–diffusion master equation and solve it using the stochastic simulation algorithm. The calculations are compared to the macroscopic version as well as establis...

The diffusion barrier properties of HfNx and Hf–Ge–N thin films for Cu metallization on Ge are examined. The diffusion barrier films were deposited by reactive sputtering on p-Ge 001 single crystal substrates with varying thicknesses. Cu thin films were then deposited in situ on the diffusion barrier. The multilayer film structure was subsequently annealed in an Ar atmosphere. X-ray diffraction...

The Allee effect is widespread among endangered plants and animals in ecosystems, suggesting that a minimum population density or size necessary for survival. This paper investigates the stability pattern formation of predator–prey model with nonlinear reactive cross-diffusion under Neumann boundary conditions, which introduces effect. Firstly, ODE system asymptotically stable its positive equi...

A numerical study has been conducted to investigate the modelling of steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow and diffusion of chemically reactive species of a viscous and incompressible fluid past a permeable quadratically stretching/ shrinking sheet. Similarity transformation has been used to reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary...

The transport processes in chromium oxide reviewed here, are related to the basic ionic processes in oxides. Solid state science has been effective in describing the complicated diffusion-controlled oxide growth of chromium and chromia-forming alloys. Additions of reactive elements to chromia-forming alloys have a remarkably beneficial effect and this effect is also related to ionic transport p...

Organic substances can adopt an amorphous solid or semisolid state, influencing the rate of heterogeneous reactions and multiphase processes in atmospheric aerosols. Here we demonstrate how molecular diffusion in the condensed phase affects the gas uptake and chemical transformation of semisolid organic particles. Flow tube experiments show that the ozone uptake and oxidative aging of amorphous...

The adsorption removal of Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes onto a low-cost coal based adsorption (Charfines) and its efficiency in dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon (F-400). Batch studies were performed and the results revealed that Charfines demonstrated on ability to adsorb the reactive Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes. The sorption interaction of reactive dye on to Charf...

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) provides quantifiable information on the non-Gaussian behavior of water diffusion in biological tissue. Changes in water diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters and DKI parameters in several white and gray matter regions were investigated in a mild controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury rat model at both the acute (2 h) and the sub-acute (7 days) stages follo...

The application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip-mediated molecular transfer (dip-pen nanolithography or DPN) to fabricate nanopatterned (bio)reactive platforms based on dendrimers on reactive self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and polymer thin films is discussed. The transfer of high-molar-mass polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (generation 5) and the rapid in situ covalent attachment of the de...