The purpose of this paper was twofold. First, it compared the criteria used by the different authorities in Australia to fund black spot treatments in their jurisdictions. Second, it presented the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Black Spot Program in WA. The findings presented in the paper form part of a wider review of the Black Spot Program in WA, w...

Sputtered reactive multilayers applied as a heat source in electronic joining processes are an emerging technology. Their use promises low-stress assembly of components while improving thermal contact and reducing thermal resistance. Nanostructured surface modifications can significantly enhance adhesion and reliability of joints between different materials. This work examines reactive multilay...

BACKGROUND To investigate if percentage change (%∆) in renin over a 3 year follow-up is associated with %∆ in cardiovascular and inflammatory markers in a low renin bi-ethnic group. METHODS Blood pressure, active renin, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels of 73 black and 81 white teachers were measured at baseline and after 3 years. RESULTS In the black group, %∆ renin was inversely...

Black rice contains many biologically active compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of black rice extracts (whole grain extract, WGE and rice bran extract, RBE) on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentra...

The wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is set of dissimilar types of mobile nodes. These nodes in MANET communicate with each other without any fixed infrastructure. Because of MANET’s infrastructure network is unprotected from the attacks of malicious nodes. One of the attacks is called black hole attack. In MANET black hole attack is occurring easily. In the black hole attack node falsie ...

Black tea is one of the world's most popular beverages, and its health-promoting effects have been intensively investigated. The antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of black tea have attracted increasing interest, but the mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear. In the present study, the black tea major component theaflavins were assessed for their hepatic lipid-lowering potentia...

Ethanol introduced into the organism undergoes rapid metabolism to acetaldehyde and then to acetic acid. The process is accompanied by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage mainly lipids of membrane cells. The effects of ROS can be neutralized by administering preparations with antioxidant properties. The natural preparations of this kind are teas.This paper reports data on t...

 Security of Supply: to identify the transmission capacity from England to Scotland needed to secure the Scottish demand over a range of credible generation scenarios, both pre and post commissioning of Western HVDC Link, Beauly-Denny and other transmission reinforcements.  System Operability: to identify the level of reactive compensation investment required within Scotland to ensure that th...

Black silicon is a synthetic nanomaterial that contains high aspect ratio nanoprotrusions on its surface, produced through a simple reactive-ion etching technique for use in photovoltaic applications. Surfaces with high aspect-ratio nanofeatures are also common in the natural world, for example, the wings of the dragonfly Diplacodes bipunctata. Here we show that the nanoprotrusions on the surfa...