The intestinal bacterial diversity of Stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) clone library and Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. The cov...

The evolutionary origin of photosynthetic reaction centers has long remained elusive. Here, we use sequence and structural analysis to demonstrate an evolutionary link between the cytochrome b subunit of the cytochrome bc(1) complex and the core polypeptides of the photosynthetic bacterial reaction center. In particular, we have identified an area of significant sequence similarity between a th...

All-in-one: A new and general one-pot reaction sequence initiated by singlet oxygen that transforms simple furan substrates into complex nitrogen-bearing aromatic polycycles having all the structural features of a number of important natural products (for example, the erythrina alkaloids; see scheme, RB = rose Bengal) is reported. The reaction sequence itself uses mild conditions and has wide f...

A group of 20 patients who sustained closed-head injury (CHI) and a matched control group of 20 individuals were tested on the serial reaction time (SRT) task. Three different sequence-learning measures were generated from the task: two implicit and one explicit. The two implicit sequence-learning measures include: (1) the learning rate on the first five blocks of the repeated sequence, assumed...

objective: pompe disease is a rare neuromuscular genetic disorder and is classified into two forms of early and late-onset. over the past two decades, mitochondrial abnormalities have been recognized as an important contributor to an array of neuromuscular diseases. we therefore aimed to compare mitochondrial copy number and mitochondrial displacement-loop sequence variation in infantile and ad...

[reaction: see text] A diastereoselective tandem Stille-oxa-electrocyclization reaction provides access to the core of the diterpenoid natural product saudin. Additionally, this new reaction sequence was extended to the convergent preparation of related polycyclic pyran systems.

What knowledge do subjects acquire in sequence-learning experiments? How can they express that knowledge? In two sequence-learning experiments, we studied the acquisition of knowledge of complex probabilistic sequences. Using a novel experimental paradigm, we were able to compare reaction time and generation measures of sequence knowledge online. Hidden Markov models were introduced as a novel ...

introduction butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains are presently recognized as the major butyrate-producing bacteria found in the rumen and digestive track of many animals and also in the human gut. in this study we reported the development of two dna based techniques, quantitative competitive (qc) pcr and absolute based real-time pcr, for enumerating butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains. despite the ...