Methylrhenium trioxide (MTO) has the rare ability to stoichiometrically generate methanol at room temperature with an external oxidant (H2O2) under basic conditions. In order to use this transformation as a model for nonredox oxidative C-O coupling, the mechanisms have been elucidated using density functional theory (DFT). Our studies show several possible reaction pathways to form methanol, wi...

The tooth is an ectodermal organ that arises from a tooth germ under the regulation of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Tooth morphogenesis occurs in the tooth-forming field as a result of reaction-diffusion waves of specific gene expression patterns. Here, we developed a novel mechanical ligation method for splitting tooth germs to artificially regulate the molecules that contro...

Snow and ice forming on the entrance exit driveways of underground car parks buildings brings serious difficulties risks in safe parking for vehicles winter. Even though traditional methods such as chemical salt snow plowing reduce slippery conditions driveways, they also result infrastructure- environment-related damages. Hydronic heating is an alternative way to prevent forming; thereby, hydr...

This paper evaluates the added resistance of a torpedo shape AUV, moving inside a water pipeline, due to wall effects within the tube. Today, there are long length pipelines of water or petroleum that need to regular inspection. Early detection of failure will help to prevent breakdown and avoid the huge cost of an accident. As pipelines are enclosed environments and difficult to access, pipeli...

Natural soil pipes are common and significant in upland blanket peat catchments yet there are major problems in finding and defining the subsurface pipe networks. This is particularly important because pipeflow can contribute a large proportion of runoff to the river systems in these upland environments and may significantly influence catchment sediment and solute yields. Traditional methods su...

corrosion of water and gas pipes is not desirable from the view point of health, economy and nuisances. there are many factors in soil which attack the metal pipes for corrosion. (steel, cast, iron and like). that is why the designer of metal pipes for conveyance of metal pipes for conveyance of water and gas should be aware of these factors and pay nutmost care in selection of pipes and protec...

There are two types of mean flow velocity formulas for pipes, the Darcy-Weisbach equation and Hazen-Williams equation. In process deriving from equation, it was clarified that friction loss coefficient f is expressed by exponential function ＝ aRe-b. Next, C obtained eliminating effect Reynolds number Re. It confirmed only constant a remained in there almost no influence water temperature viscos...