2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (Royal Demolition Explosive, or RDX) deposited on hand grenade training ranges can leach through the soil and impact shallow groundwater. A 27-mo field monitoring project was conducted to evaluate the transport and attenuation of high explosives in variably saturated soils at an active grenade range located at Fort Bragg, N...

A series of column studies, using site-specific soil and groundwater, were conducted to determine the feasibility of biologically active zone enhancement (BAZE) process for reductive biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in groundwater. This treatability study examined the use of four amendments (acetate, ethanol, soluble starch, and acetate plus ammonium), which se...

Composition B (Comp B) detonation residuals pose environmental concern to the U.S. Army because hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), a constituent, has contaminated groundwater near training ranges. To mimic their dissolution on surface soils, we dripped water at 0.51 ml/h onto individual Comp B particles (0.1-2.0 mg) collected from the detonation of 81-mm mortars. Analyses of the eff...

Despite intensive research for possible replacements, RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane) is still considered to be one of the most important energetic materials because its versatile application. Due high demand RDX, optimization synthesis and development new methods are great interest both academia industry. Therefore, in this work, via intermediate TRAT (1,3,5-triacetycl-1,3,5-triazinane) ...

Abstract It is beneficial for the efficient energy utilization of propellants to develop high - efficiency catalysts thermal decomposition energetic materials. Herein, catalytic characteristics different transition-metal-based MOFs on cyclotrimethylenetriamine (RDX) were studied, such as [Zn 2 (atz) 3 (N )] n , MIL-88B and ZIF-67. ZIF-67 was found exhibit superior properties therein. On this ba...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising approach for explosive residue detection, but several limitations to its widespread use remain. One issue is that the emission spectra of the residues are dependent on the substrate composition because some of the substrate is usually entrained in the laser-induced plasma and the laser-material interaction can be significantly affected by the ...

Soil microcosms were used to evaluate the potential benefits of an integrated microbial-Fe0 system to treat groundwater contamination by RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine). Microcosms amended with both Fe0 filings and municipal anaerobic sludge mineralized RDX faster and to a greater extent than separate treatments, with up to 51% 14CO2 recovery after 77 d. The nitroso byproducts 1,3...

The ability of agricultural and decorative plants to absorb and detoxify TNT and RDX has been studied. All tested 8 plants, grown hydroponically, were able to absorb these explosives from water solutions: Alfalfa > Soybean > Chickpea> Chikling vetch >Ryegrass > Mung bean> China bean > Maize. Differently from TNT, RDX did not exhibit negative influence on seed germination and plant growth. Moreo...

Safety improvements in the field of energetic materials led to development insensitive gun propellants. This article deals with ignition and combustion parameters two commercial propellants, respectively based on RDX nitrocellulose. Ignition is obtained thanks a laser diode probabilities are given, along delays, overpressures propagation rates. Experiments performed under nitrogen argon atmosph...

Trace explosives residues of CL20 (hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-hexanitro-1,3,5-triazine are measured in real-time by surface laser photofragmentation-fragment detection (SPFFD) spectroscopy at ambient conditions. A 248nm laser photofragments the target residue on a substrate, and a 226-nm laser ionizes the resulting NO fragment by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ioniza...