Strengthening and rehabilitation have been widely implemented for many years to extend the service life of reinforced concrete structures. The paper begins with a comprehensive review fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) utilization on strengthening particularly over traditional materials formerly used in practice respect materials, manufacturing, operation, construction, maintenance phases, as well...

The durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures and infrastructure has been the subject significant attention from engineering research community in recent years, mainly owing to deterioration RC elements due corrosion embedded steel reinforcement. In this context, stainless reinforcement can provide an efficient solution enhance expected lifetime structures, reducing damage carbonation c...

The objective of this review to be submitted in two independent parts, for steel frames and for RC frames, is to compare their structural performance with respect to the proposed N2-method, and so also of the consequent convenience of using pushover methodology for the seismic analysis of these structures. A preliminary investigation is presented on a pushover analysis used for the seismic perf...

Phenotypic plasticity will be favored whenever there are significant fitness benefits of responding to environmental variation. The extent and nature of the plasticity that evolves depends on the rate of environmental fluctuations and the capacity to track and respond to that variability. Reproductive environments represent one arena in which changes can be rapid. The finding that males of many...