Although some individuals who present for antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) had a 1-time exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), others may be recurrently risky. Given that preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to be efficacious, identification of those individuals who present for PEP who might benefit from PrEP is important to decrease HIV acquisition in high-risk i...

Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved oral Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for women at risk of HIV infection in the US in July 2012, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidance for clinicians to provide PrEP to women "at substantial risk of HIV acquisition" in May 2014, there remain no clinical trial data on efficacy among US women, a...

Despite significant efforts, the rate of new HIV infections worldwide remains unacceptably high, highlighting the need for new HIV prevention strategies. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach that involves the ongoing use of antiretroviral medications by HIV-negative individuals to reduce the risk of HIV infection. The use of daily tenofovir/emtricitabine as oral PrEP was found ...

 There were fewer studies published on the potential use of nonoccupational PEP (nPEP) among men who have sex with men than those on PrEP.  Although 47% to 64% of men who have sex with men were aware of nPEP, fewer than 5% had used nPEP (1-3).  The proportion of men who have sex with men aware of PrEP ranged from 13% to 64% (2;4-8), but reported use of PrEP was much lower: from 0.4% to 2% (4...

RNA editing alters plant mitochondrial and chloroplast transcripts by converting specific cytidines to uridines, which usually results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the translated protein. Systematic studies have experimentally identified sites of RNA editing in organellar transcriptomes from several species, but these analyses have not kept pace with rate of genome sequencing. The ...

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention method; however, it is underutilized among women who are at risk for acquisition of HIV. Women comprise one in five HIV diagnoses in the United States, and significant racial disparities in new HIV diagnoses persist. The rate of new HIV diagnoses among black and African American women in 2015 was 16 times greater than that of w...

Recent findings PrEP demand has reached a tipping point in the USA and is increasing rapidly. Although the primary benefit of PrEP use is biological, to reduce risk of HIV infection, PrEP users often express an alternative set of social and emotional benefits that are provided by PrEP. These collateral benefits of PrEP have salience, affect, and are experienced in the present, which are compell...

Introduction: During 2004-15, nine randomized controlled trials (RCT) for HIV prevention tested pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral drugs, vaginal gels, or vaginal rings among more than 17,000 women in Africa. Methods: This study uses information from the nine RCTs to estimate the proportions of HIV from sexual and bloodborne risks, to consider reasons for success or failure with oral PrE...

BACKGROUND HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been found to be efficacious in preventing HIV acquisition among seronegative individuals in a variety of risk groups, including men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs. To date, however, it remains unclear how socio-cultural norms (e.g., attitudes towards HIV; social understandings regarding HIV risk practices) may influence the ...

OBJECTIVES To explore the acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men (MSM) and migrant African communities in Scotland, UK. DESIGN Consecutive mixed qualitative methods consisting of focus groups (FGs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) explored PrEP acceptability. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically to identi...