A 30-year-old woman presented to the emergency department complaining of abdominal discomfort. An abdominal radiograph was done, revealing ten rectangular razor blades measuring 5 × 2 cm. The patient was taken to the operating room and a flexible esophago-gastroduodenoscopy was performed. Attempts at retrieval, using both a gastric overtube and an inverted hood, were unsuccessful due to the sha...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.004 0003-3472/© 2014 The Association for the Study of A In resource defence polygyny, where males defend resources that females use for reproduction, the resource characteristics preferred by the two sexes are expected to match. We tested this expectation by comparing the shell characteristics preferred by males and females in the shell-brooding cichl...

in this work, efficiency and performance of hazelnut shells (hs) adsorbent was examined for the removal and recovery of direct red 12b (dr12b) from wastewater. the absorbance of dr12b was measured spectrophotometrically at λmax=523 nm before and after adsorption of dr12b. the maximum removal was 99.8% for 30 mg l –1 ofdr12b concentration on 0.3 gr hs adsorbent. acidic ph was favourable for the ...

When using genetic programming (GP) or other techniques that try to approximate unknown functions, the principle of Occam's razor is often applied: nd the simplest function that explains the given data, as it is assumed to be the best approximation for the unknown function. Using a well-known result from learning theory, it is shown in this paper, how Occam's razor can help GP in nding function...

The Occam's razor principle suggests that among all the correct hypotheses, the simplest hypothesis is the one which best captures the structure of the problem domain and has the highest prediction accuracy when classifying new instances. This principle is implicitly used also for dealing with noise, in order to avoid overrtting a noisy training set by rule truncation or by pruning of decision ...

kopet-dagh basin is located in north and northeast of iran. khangiran formation is one of the most important formations of paleogene deposits. for study of khangiran formation bivalves, chehelkaman syncline section has been selected. this section located in west of sarakhs city, east of kopet-dagh basin. lithology of this formation in the sarakhs region composed of marl, marly limestone and sil...

Theoretical models of unsupervised category learning postulate that humans "invent" categories to accommodate new patterns, but tend to group stimuli into a small number of categories. This "Occam's razor" principle is motivated by normative rules of statistical inference. If categories influence perception, then one should find effects of category invention on simple perceptual estimation. In ...

(a) (b) Figure 1: (a): The likelihood p(D|θ,Mcomplex) has a higher maximum value than then simpler model, but the likelihood drops quickly as we move away from regions of high likelihood. (b): The likelihood p(D|θ,Msimple) has a lower maximum value than then complex model, but the likelihood changes less quickly as we move away from regions of high likelihood. The corresponding fraction of para...

A finite data set is consistent with infinitely many alternative theories. Scientific realists recommend that we prefer the simplest one. Anti-realists ask how a fixed simplicity bias could track the truth when the truth might be complex. It is no solution to impose a prior probability distribution biased toward simplicity, for such a distribution merely embodies the bias at issue without expla...