Nutrient deprivation or cellular stress leads to the activation of a catabolic pathway that is conserved across species, known as autophagy. This process is considered to be adaptive and plays an important role in a number of cellular processes, including metabolism, immunity and development. Autophagy has also been linked to diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration, highlighting the impo...

Streptavidin, an extracellular biotin-binding protein from Streptomyces avidinii, exhibits a multiplicity in its electrophoretic mobility pattern which depends both upon the conditions for growth of the bacterium and upon the protocol used in the purification of the protein. The observed structural heterogeneity appears to reflect the action of two types of postsecretory molecular events: prote...

There are many variants of the original self-organizing neural map algorithm proposed by Kohonen. One of the most recent is the Evolving Tree, a tree-shaped self-organizing network which has many interesting characteristics. This network builds a tree structure splitting the input dataset during learning. This paper presents a speed-up modification of the original training algorithm useful when...

In recent years Scheie's operation (Scheie, I958) has been frequently performed because of its relatively simple technique. The results have been mainly satisfactory in bringing the intraocular pressure to normal in cases of glaucoma. Nevertheless filtration is not always well maintained, for various reasons: (i) Excessive scarring of the conjunctival flap causing closure of the limbal fistula....

General relativity (GR) is a phenomenologically successful theory that rests on firm foundations, but has not been tested on cosmological scales. The deep mystery of dark energy (and possibly even the requirement of cold dark matter (CDM)) has increased the need for testing modifications to GR, as the inference of such otherwise undetected fluids depends crucially on the theory of gravity. Here...

The continuous development of the Internet has resulted in an exponential increase in the amount of available information. A popular way to access this information is by submitting queries to a search engine which retrieves a set of documents. However, search engines do not consider the specific needs of every user and they retrieve the same results for everyone. This suggests the necessity to ...

P ho sp ho ry la ti o n N-Terminal: S6, S9, S15, T18, S20 ATM, DNAPK, • CK1 ERKs, ATR, p38 • kinase, mTOR, Chk1/Chk2, JNK, MAPKAP2, Hipk4 Activated by DNA damage, UV light, ionizing radiation, replicative senes• cence, or phosphatidylcholines. N-terminal phosphorylation causes p53 stabilization by inhibiting the p53• MDM2 interaction. Knockin mice carrying separate analogs to human Ser18/ • Ser...

1714 As the premier biological electron acceptor, molecular oxygen (O2) serves a vital role in fundamental cellular functions, including the process of aerobic respiration. Nevertheless, with the benefi cial properties of O2 comes the inadvertent formation of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide (O2 −), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH); these differ from O2 in havin...

open-channel junctions have a broad application in civil and environmental engineering. formation of a low-pressure zone with recirculating flow (high sedimentation) accompanied by a high-velocity zone (high erosion) is the most characteristic feature of flow in junctions. a large number of researches have been performed to study the complexity of the flow in junctions in open-channel flows. in...

this study compares the amount and type of direct and indirect strategies and peripheral modifications employed by persian speakers and persian language learners in the request speech act, in different contexts (concerning formality, familiarity and importance of the subject of request). a discourse completion test, as well as direct observation, was used as the main instrument for data collect...