a semi-micromechanical multilaminate model is introduced here to predict the mechanical behavior of soils. this model is like a bridge between micro and macro scale upon the satisfaction of minimum potential energy level during any applied stress/strain increments. the concept of this model is based on a certain number of sampling planes which constitute the elastic-plastic behavior of the soil...

abstract theories of behavior consumer deal with human behaviors as a being with will and purpose, so they are based on specific assumptions about the human nature and fundamentals of decision making. these assumptions often have ideological roots in different value systems consequently they are different in various these systems. the aim of this paper is to investigate these assumptions in the...

A foundational assumption in economics is that people are rational: they choose optimal plans of action given their predictions about future states of the world. In games of strategy this means that each player's strategy should be optimal given his or her prediction of the opponents' strategies. We demonstrate that there is an inherent tension between rationality and prediction when players ar...

The article explores the fruitfulness of assuming all economic behavior to be non-rational unless special factors intervene to make it rational. The definition of rationality applied is that of intentional or calculative rationality.. This is deemed to be a variable, not a trait of a species. The association of rationality with three kinds of investment is indicated. Prior research on informati...

Two basic ideas about rationality in games are (i) rational players only choose actions that maximize expected utility for some belief about the other players’ actions, and (ii) rational players only choose actions that are not strictly dominated by other actions. Here, we formalize these two ideas, and then demonstrate that they imply exactly the same predictions about the behavior of rational...

The fundamental assumption that peer-to-peer (P2P) networks can thrive on voluntary contribution of altruistic peers can no longer be supported without considering the impact of rational behavior on such decentralized systems. This paper attempts to shed light on the impact of rational free-riding behavior of participating peers on the stability and existence of real-world peer-to-peer networks...

This paper introduces the concept of rationally safe robot behavior as behavior which is safe with respect to a rational model of human behavior. We discuss how to model rational human behavior by fully accounting for a range of acceptable human variations. We propose modelling the system as a form of robust controller, and frame the robot’s goal as an optimal control problem where the human’s ...

having examined the behavior of investors, economists have made numerously attempts to specify investments determinants and their various effects. a number relevant variables explaining investment rely on different expectations. because of the crucial role of expectations on the investment behavior, it needs to be recognized as an appropriate conceptual framework for the iranian economy . accor...

We exhibit a large class of simple rules of behavior, which we call adaptive heuristics, and show that they generate rational behavior in the long run. These adaptive heuristics are based on natural regret measures, and may be viewed as a bridge between rational and behavioral viewpoints. Taken together, the results presented here establish a solid connection between the dynamic approach of ada...