We estimate the electromagnetic effect of the spectator charge on the momentum spectra of charged pions produced in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energies. We find a large effect which results in strongly varying structures in the xF dependence of the π/π ratio, especially at low transverse momenta where a deep valley in the above ratio is predicted at xF ∼ 0.15 – 0.20. The effect depends ...

The valley degree of freedom in two-dimensional (2D) crystals recently emerged as a novel information carrier in addition to spin and charge. The intrinsic valley lifetime in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) is expected to be markedly long due to the unique spin-valley locking behavior, where the intervalley scattering of the electron simultaneously requires a large momentum transfer t...

We show that inversion symmetry breaking together with spin-orbit coupling leads to coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides, making possible controls of spin and valley in these 2D materials. The spin-valley coupling at the valence-band edges suppresses spin and valley relaxation, as flip of each index alone is forbidden by the valley-contrasting...

Resonant tunneling of double-barrier quantum wells (DBQW's) affected by interface roughness has been investigated. Our results show that interface roughness induces oscillation resonant structure around the principal resonant peak. EA'ects of interface roughness on the resonant bias voltage, peak-to-valley current ratio, and the width of the principal resonant peak are also investigated. Temper...

During 2 successive rainy seasons, January 2008 through May 2008 and November 2008 through March 2009, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) caused outbreaks in Madagascar. Human and animal infections were confirmed on the northern and southern coasts and in the central highlands. Analysis of partial sequences from RVFV strains showed that all were similar to the strains circulating in Kenya during 20...

z Evidence summary Studies without risk stratification find little benefit from beta-blockers A systematic review including 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated perioperative beta-blocker therapy for noncardiac surgery in a total of 2722 patients who were not stratified according to cardiac risk status.1 Perioperative beta-blockers produced no significant effect on: • all-cause mort...

Molecular devices are reported utilizing active self-assembled monolayers containing the nitroamine @28-amino-4,48-di~ethynylphenyl!-58-nitro-1-benzenethiolate# or the nitro compound @4,48-di~ethynylphenyl!-28-nitro-1-benzenethiolate# as the active components. Both of these compounds have active redox centers. Current–voltage measurements of the devices exhibited negative differential resistanc...