We characterize the compensation demanded by investors in equilibrium for incremental exposure to growth-rate risk. Given an underlying Markov diffusion that governs the state variables in the economy, the economic model implies a stochastic discount factor process S and a reference stochastic growth process G for the macroeconomy. Both are modeled conveniently as multiplicative functionals of ...

The concept of growth rates in group theory has proven to be a potent tool for studying groups. For example, in 1981, Mikhail Gromov proved the set of finitely-generated virtually nilpotent groups are precisely the groups of polynomial growth. In this paper, we give an introduction to growth rate in group theory and provide many tools and examples to illustrate some of the methods used. We also...

At the beginning of the 1980s, researchers knew that actin fi laments were present in all cell types and were important for force generation and cell movement. But relatively little was known about how actin monomers assembled into fi laments. In fact, researchers didn’t even possess information as fundamental as the rate constants of monomer association and dissociation. In 1981, however, Tom ...

This paper proposes a new type of growth rate, called the “poverty equivalent growth rate” (PEGR), which takes into account both the growth rate in mean income and how the benefits of growth are distributed between the poor and the non-poor. The proposed measure satisfies a basic requirement that the proportional reduction in poverty is a monotonically increasing function of the PEGR. Thus, max...

Rat liver epithelial cells resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor 0, (TGF-^i) were isolated after 3 h exposure to 1.5 Mg/mlof TV-methyl-iV'-nitro-A'-nitrosoguanidine followed by con tinuous treatment with 1 ng/ml TGF-/?i for 6 weeks. In comparison to the parental or /V-methyU/V'-nitro-A'-nitrosoguanidine-exposed rat liver epithelial cells (concentration causing...

Induced impairment of growth rate and mature size in the rat was used to characterize and compare histological and biochemical indices of skeletal muscle hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth. Maternal nutritional restriction during gestation and lactation caused a 54% reduction in progeny body weight before realimentation was begun at weaning. A compensatory growth response was observed in rest...

Whole cell and surface membrane O-alkyl and alk-1 -enyl lipid concentrations of 11 transplantable rat mammary carcinomas were measured. A correlation was found between surface mem brane O-alkyl lipid levels and metastasizing behavior. No rela tionship was found between alk-1 -enyl lipid concentrations and metastasizing behavior. A possible correlation was found be tween the product of growth ra...

Whole cell and surface membrane O-alkyl and alk-1-enyl lipid concentrations of 11 transplantable rat mammary carcinomas were measured. A correlation was found between surface membrane O-alkyl lipid levels and metastasizing behavior. No relationship was found between alk-1-enyl lipid concentrations and metastasizing behavior. A possible correlation was found between the product of growth rate an...

To distinguish among genetic, neurohumoral, and hemodynamic explanations for structural and functional differences in the hearts of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats, embryonic SHR and WKY rat heart tissue was cultured in the anterior eye chamber of adult SHR and WKY rats. In study 1, atria from E-12 WKY rat embryos grafted into anterior eye chamber...

control of stored-product insect by gamma radiation could be enhanced by other possible techniques such as essential oils as effective alternatives to chemical insecticides. in this study, the efficiency of gamma radiation combined with perovskia atriplicifolia (benth) was verified to assess their enhanced antifeedant effect against the tribolium castaneum (herbst). flour disc bioassay was empl...