Uncertainty is ubiquitous in natural human communication. Human listeners assess the speaker’s degree of uncertainty at any time in communication and use this information to shape dialogue. In contrast, currently available computer systems dealing with spoken language are usually not built to perform this task. The ability to detect uncertainty would likely lead to more natural human-computer d...

one-way analysis of covariance is a popular and common statisticalmethod, wherein the equality of the means of several random variables whichhave a linear relationship with a random mathematical variable, is tested. inthis study, a method is presented to improve the one-way analysis of covari-ance when there is an uncertainty in accepting the statistical hypotheses. themethod deals with a fuzzy...

In the context of quality assurance strategies, statistical process control techniques and conformance testing are necessary to perform a correct quality auditing of process outcomes. However, data collection is based on measurements and every measurement is intrinsically affected by uncertainty. Even if adopted instruments are in a condition of metrological confirmation, random and systematic ...