Persistent inward current (PIC) plays an important role in setting the input-output gain of motoneurons. In humans, these currents are estimated by calculating the difference between synaptic input at motor unit recruitment and derecruitment (ΔF) derived from paired motor unit recordings. The primary objective of this study was to use the relationship between reciprocal inhibition (RI) and PIC ...

Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) interact with and modify the behavior of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). We have examined the contribution of the short intracellular C terminus, using constructs that delete the last eight amino acids of each RAMP. C-Terminal deletion of individual RAMPs had little effect on the signaling profile induced wh...

This work describes a micro simulation program that is developed to study freeway ramp merging phenomena under congested traffic conditions. First, the results of extensive macroscopic and microscopic studies are used to establish a model for the behaviour of merging drivers. A theoretical framework for modeling the ramp and freeway lag driver acceleration-deceleration behaviour is then present...

As an efficient traffic control strategy to ameliorate freeway traffic congestion, ramp metering has been successfully applied in the US. However, the applicability and effectiveness of a ramp-metering strategy are required to be investigated during the preimplementation phase in order to ensure the success of the implementation. The use of traffic simulation models can provide a quick and cost...

This paper proposes a novel technique for solving generation scheduling and ramp rate constrained unit commitment. A modified objective function associated with a new start-up cost term is introduced in this paper. The proposed method is used to solve generating scheduling problem satisfying SRR, minimum up and down time as well as ramp rate constraints. Two case studies are conducted to imp...

BACKGROUND Mastitis is considered the most significant and persistent disease in dairy cows, bringing about large economic losses. Subclinical mastitis brings about major cost implications, for it is difficult to detect due to absence of any visible indications and can persist in the mammary tissue throughout lactation. Immunomodulators have been widely used to reduce intramammary infections by...

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of ramp slope (1:12, 1:10, 1:8, and 1:6) on physiological characteristics and performance times of wheelchair users and the performance times of caregivers to determine which slope would be the best for wheelchairs, in order to propose a ramp slope that incorporates a universal design. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four healthy subjects were enrolled in...

To investigate the dynamics of the position computation process for a moving object in human vision, we measured the response to a continuous change in position at a constant velocity (ramp-response) using the flash-lag illusion. In this illusion, flashed and moving objects appear spatially offset when their retinal images are physically aligned. The steady-state phase of the ramp-response was ...

The paper characterizes the behavior of the cell transmissionmodel of a freeway, divided intoN sections or cells, each with one on-ramp and one off-ramp. The state of the dynamical system is theN-dimensional vector n of vehicle densities in theN sections. A feasible stationary demand pattern induces a unique equilibrium flow in each section. However, there is an infinite set—in fact a continuum...