Using A-Train satellite data, we investigate the distribution of clouds and their microphysical and radiative properties in Southeast Asia during the summer monsoon. We find an approximate balance in the top of the atmosphere (TOA) cloud radiative effect, which is largely due to commonly occurring cirrus layers that warm the atmosphere, and less frequent deep layers, which produce a strong cool...

Emissivity is a critical parameter in the rapid thermal processing ~RTP! of semiconductors for temperature control and thermal modeling. It is often considered as a material property that depends on the sample temperature and surface finishing. For a silicon wafer placed in a radiation environment such as a RTP chamber, however, the ambient photons emitted from lamps create electron-hole pairs ...