literary commitment is an imported concept from western literary review which has found great place among arab scholars and critics in the last decades, because the critical, political, economic and cultural conditions of arab world and the domination of cruelty and exploitation caused the writers and poets to accompany the revolution of innocent countries. farouq jowaida, an egypt poet, is one...

to write the history of arab literature, contemporary arab writers have used different methods. these methods differ from each other and each one has some advantages over the other methods, although there are some commonalities between them in classifying different stages of arab literature, the manner of introducing poets and writers, reviewing different types of poem and prose, and interpreti...

Paratextuality plays a key role in cultural stereotyping and ideological framing of the translated texts pre-positions reader by setting certain expectations (Baker 2006). They also serve as tool adaptation (Genette 1997), superimposing interpretations author’s intentions ideologies. Here, George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an optimum example. The rising interest its Arabic translation, especially ...

Electronic versions of literary works abound on the Internet and the rapid dissemination of electronic readers will make electronic books more and more common. It is often the case that literary works exist in more than one language, suggesting that, if properly aligned, they could be turned into useful resources for many practical applications, such as writing and language learning aids, trans...

Literary history — like the history of any art — involves a special difficulty; it is that of reconciling a general scheme of development and a linear movement in time with the problem of the individual genius who creates new things. That has not been made easier in recent years when New Critics tried to expel the writer from the text, and then Deconstructionists called the very existence of th...

This paper tries to examine literature as history, with an emphasis on the crucial role of fiction in narrating the marginalized events of history. Some fictions are actual accounts of events in history, and some are reflection of events. Actually, literature and history are integrated to each other, in a way that, pure history which shows us the reality and truth is just a myth. The pens writi...

Abstract James Stratton Holmes (Iowa, 1924 – Amsterdam, 1986) is known as both a major translator/editor of poetry from Dutch ( Brems and McMartin 2020 , 2021 ) teacher researcher translation, whose professional career was centred in the Netherlands at University Amsterdam. He has had long-lasting influence on development field translation an academic subject with his landmark essay “The Name N...