The contemporary Qur’anic studies have been marked by amazing development. Various methods and approaches to understand the Qur’an are offered scholars. One of prominent figures in this field is Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd. Nasr Zayd (1943–2010 M) a highly controversial thinker. He an Egyptian scholar who accused being apostate, because his theory qur’anic hermeneutic (the textual Qur’an). This reflec...

The main aim of this paper is to present on the issues of evaluating the retrieval performance of the multi-script indexing of translated texts of al-Quran. Translations of al-Quran has played a major role in the recitation of al-Quran in its original texts and understanding through the translated words, among the public. Even in querying, non-Arabic speakers will find the texts through the tra...

the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...