The Red Queen hypothesis can explain the maintenance of host and parasite diversity. However, the Red Queen requires genetic specificity for infection risk (i.e., that infection depends on the exact combination of host and parasite genotypes) and strongly virulent effects of infection on host fitness. A European crustacean (Daphnia magna)--bacterium (Pasteuria ramosa) system typifies such speci...

Queen Semiramis is considered the most famous Mesopotamian queen compared to other queens from different civilizations. Greek historians were first record her history by adding some mythical elements story making it a great legend that survived till this day. Due queens’ character, retold children many writers. In research, two adaptations; Semiramis: Child Of The Doves Marianna Mayer (1999) an...

Despite the discovery of antibiotics almost a century ago, infectious diseases continue to be a substantial cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in developing countries. The adverse affects of infectious diseases are thought to increase over the coming years as the widespread misuse of antibiotic leads to the emergence of strains for which current therapies are ineffecti...

DRS. DAVIS AND WILSON were the first of a long line of medical men who attended, or were appointed to attend, Queen Victoria throughout her lifetime of nearly eighty-two years. Also assisting at the birth was a midwife, Friaulein Siebold, who, although she also held a medical qualification, did not sign the bulletin. It is an interesting coincidence that the Frilulein also attended at the birth...

Continuous Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block and Intraoperative Coeliac Plexus Block (CPB) for Post-Operative Analgesia Following Laparotomy: Two Case Reports Vasanth Rao Kadam, and George Kiroff Clinical Senior Lecturer, The University of Adelaide, Acute Care Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville, SA, 5011. Australia Division of Surgery, Hepatobiliary Unit,...

In this study, we prepared alcohol extracts of the larva, pupa, queen, and cocoon (clony) of B. ignitus, B. terrestris, and B. h. sapporoensis, and tested the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts by using a rat model of adjuvant-induced edema. The extracts derived from the queen of B. ignitus, the queen of B. terrestris, and the cocoon of B. ignitus decreased hind paw edema after 1 day of...

Most organisms reproduce through outcrossing, even though it comes with substantial costs. The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that selection from coevolving pathogens facilitates the persistence of outcrossing despite these costs. We used experimental coevolution to test the Red Queen hypothesis and found that coevolution with a bacterial pathogen (Serratia marcescens) resulted in significantly ...

BACKGROUND Experiments under controlled laboratory conditions can produce decisive evidence for testing biological hypotheses, provided they are representative of the more complex natural conditions. However, whether this requirement is fulfilled is seldom tested explicitly. Here we provide a lab/field comparison to investigate the identity of an egg-marking signal of ant queens. Our study was ...

The queen's chirp rules Naked mole-rats are known for their eusocial lifestyle, living in colonies that consist of many workers and a single breeding queen. Little is about how individuals within these navigate the interactions must occur such complex cooperative group. Barker et al. show calls emitted by individuals, particular common “chirp” call, convey information specific to animal's group...

In response to intraand interspecific competition, ant colonies have evolved mechanisms to maximize early colony growth. Through the analysis of photographic images, this study describes the individual effect of two different strategies, pleometrosis and pupae transplantation, on the growth of Lasius niger colonies. Results showed that both methods had an overall positive effect on colony produ...