Human subjects performed step-tracking movements of the wrist in the radial direction. Movement amplitude, external load, and accuracy instructions were varied. We used surface electrodes to record muscle activity from an agonist, extensor carpi radialis longus, and an antagonist, extensor carpi ulnaris. When subjects performed movements “as fast as possible” that were opposed by different exte...

We present a quantum model for electro-optic amplitude modulation, which is built upon quantum models of the main photonic components that constitute the modulator, that is, the guided-wave beamsplitter and the electro-optic phase modulator and accounts for all the different available modulator structures. General models are developed both for single and dual drive configurations and specific r...

The ability of psychoacoustic models to predict listeners' performance depends on two key stages: preprocessing and the generation of a decision variable. The goal of the current study was to determine the perceptually relevant decision variables in masked amplitude-modulation detection tasks in which the modulation depth of the masker was systematically varied. Potential cues were made unrelia...

The goal of this investigation was to test a new methodology for measuring amplitude modulation (AM) at the level of the vocal folds during vibrato in trained singers, because previous research has suggested that AM arises in large part as an acoustic epiphenomenon through an interaction of the harmonics in the laryngeal source with the resonances of the vocal tract as the fundamental frequency...

This article is concerned with the detection of mixed modulation (MM), i.e., simultaneously occurring amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). In experiment 1, an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice task was used to determine thresholds for detecting AM alone. Then, thresholds for detecting FM were determined for stimuli which had a fixed amount of AM in the signal interval o...

Two distinct sensory cues in electrosensory signals, amplitude modulation and differential phase modulation, are essential for an African wave-type electric fish, Gymnarchus, to perform the jamming avoidance responses. Individual neurons in the first brain station for central processing, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL), were investigated by the in vivo whole-cell recording and labeli...

This paper discusses a new approach to acoustic amplitude modulation. Building on prior work with electromagnetic augmentation of acoustic instruments, we begin with a theory of operation model to describe the mechanical forces necessary to produce acoustic amplitude modulation synthesis. We then propose an implementation of our model as an instrumental prototype. The results illustrate that ou...

With a model of renal blood flow regulation, we examined consequences of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) coupling to the myogenic mechanism via voltage-gated Ca channels. The model reproduces the characteristic oscillations of the two mechanisms and predicts frequency and amplitude modulation of the myogenic oscillation by TGF. Analysis by wavelet transforms of single-nephron blood flow confirm...

Amplitude modulations in the speech convey important acoustic information for speech perception. Auditory steady state response (ASSR) is thought to be physiological correlate of amplitude modulation perception. Limited research is available exploring association between ASSR and modulation detection ability as well as speech perception. Correlation of modulation detection thresholds (MDT) and ...

Vocal tremor has been simulated using a high-dimensional discrete vocal fold model. Specifically, respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory tremors have been modeled as instabilities in six parameters of the model. Reported results are consistent with previous knowledge in that respiratory tremor mainly causes amplitude modulation of the voice signal while laryngeal tremor causes both amplitude ...