background: recently, it has been indicated that x-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be used to access signature of tissue. some scientists are interested in studying this effect to get early detection of breast cancer. since experimental methods for optimization are time consuming and expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation. monte carlo (mc) codes are the best option...

introduction: image quality and accuracy of in vivo activity quantification in spect are affected by collimator penetration and scatter components, especially in high energy imaging. these phenomena highly depend on the collimator characteristic and photon energy. the presence of penetrated and scattered photons from collimator in spect images degrades spatial resolution, contrast and image qua...

the paper presents simulation results for the propagation of lightning surges along a transmission line and the overvoltages generated in a transformer at the end of the line. it is shown that the monte carlo simulation method provides more realistic assessments than the deterministic methods. it has also been shown that increasing capacitance in transformers results in reduced levels of overvo...

We compare two approaches for a Markovian model in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) using Monte Carlo simulation. The model which is a development of Fazlollahtabar and Saidi-Mehrabad (2013), considers two features of automated flexible manufacturing systems equipped with automated guided vehicle (AGV) namely, the reliability of machines and the reliability of AGVs in a multiple AGV jobsho...