This paper evaluates the impact of price discount contracts and pricing schemes on the dual-channel supply chain competition. Channel conflict occurs when the supplier enters the online direct channel. Traditional contracts normally require tedious administrational participation, full information of the cost structures, and other factors. The introduction of simple price discount contracts aims...

Supply chain disruption risk usually poses a serious challenge to the management of emergency supplies procurement between government and enterprises in cooperation. To research impact supply on demand sides for disaster relief, model based quantity flexibility contract is constructed. The introduces stockout measure degree uses per unit material relief value quantify benefits. Further, it anal...

The classic Economic Order Quantity model assumes that the unit purchasing cost is not based on the order quantity. In practice, a supplier may offer purchasers an all-units discount. We develop a model and solution procedure for the EOQ with all-unit discounts and partial backordering at a constant rate. We show, and illustrate with a numerical example, how that model can be used to find the s...

It is only an order quantity which is decided for a spot selling time in the classical newsboy problem. Both the purchase timing and the time-variant variance of the demand are neglected. When the vendor gives a price discount for early purchase, the buyer purchases the quantities of price discount at the cost of forecast bias. The buyer has to forecast the demand early before purchase ahead of...

In this paper a model is proposed for distribution centers location and joint replenishment of a distribution system that is responsible for orders and product delivery to distribution centers. This distribution centers are under limitedwarehouse space and this can determine amount of requirement product by considering proposed discount.The proposed model is develop to minimize total costs cons...

In this paper we consider a two-stage ordering problem with a buyer’s minimum commitment quantity contract. Under the contract the buyer is required to give a minimum-commitment quantity. Then the manufacturer has the obligations to supply the minimum-commitment quantity and to provide a shortage compensation policy to the buyer. We formulate a dynamic optimization model to determine the manufa...

It was suggested in 2004 by some researchers that it might be possible to improve production systems performance by applying the first and second laws of thermodynamics to reduce system entropy. Then these laws were used to modify the economic order quantity (EOQ) model to derive an equivalent entropic order quantity (EnOQ). Moreover the political instability or uncertainty of a country (as wel...