The expansion of underground structures is important in urban areas with high population density. In most large cities in the world, urban development is spreading along the structures. These structures are generally located at shallow depth; therefore study of shallow tunnels in urban areas is critical for development. During the excavation of tunnels in urban areas, creating the asymmetric se...

Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in up to 12% of cases after carpal tunnel release. Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome is defined as recurrence of classic symptoms confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies after a symptom-free interval of a minimum of 6 months, as opposed to persistent carpal tunnel syndrome, where a symptom-free interval never occurs after carpal tunnel release, which is att...

To clarify the mortality pattern of migrant tunnel workers, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in the southern part of Oita Prefecture, which is well known as a source area for tunnel workers. This study was made on 1,078 tunnel workers and 943 non-tunnel workers who were observed for 8 years and 6 months from January 1975 to June 1983. The overall SMR of tunnel workers was 162 which wa...

The tunnel number of a PL knot K is the minimum number of PL one-cells which must be attached in order that the regular neighborhood of the resulting complex has complement a handlebody [2]. It is easy to see that n-bridge knots have tunnel numbers (n 1) and torus knots have tunnel number one. More difficult is finding knots which have higher tunnel number. If a knot has tunnel number one, it w...

According to the advance of civil engineering and transportation, the tunnel tends to increase as a number and be longer as a scale. It is divided to underground and undersea tunnel by location, and is sorted into railway and road tunnel by transportation. Channel Tunnel is world’s longest undersea railway tunnel that reaches a length of 50.45 km (1). Great Britain is connected to France by it....

To investigate the vehicle induced air pollution situations both inside and outside the tunnel, the field measurement of the pollutants concentrations and its diurnal variations was performed inside and outside the Xiangyin tunnel in Shanghai from 13:00 on April 24th to 13:00 on April 25th, 2013. The highest hourly average concentrations of pollutants were quantified that CO, NO, NO2 and NOX in...

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is a promising technique for growing ultrathin, pristine dielectrics on metal substrates, which is essential to many electronic devices. Tunnel junctions are an excellent example which require a leak-free, ultrathin dielectric tunnel barrier of typical thickness around 1 nm between two metal electrodes. A challenge in the development of ultrathin dielectric tunnel ...

The Platform Screen Doors improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in the subway station; however, and the air quality is degraded in the subway tunnel. CO2 concentration and indoor particulate matter value are high in the tunnel. The IAQ level in subway tunnel degrades by increasing the train movements. Air-curtain installation reduces dusts, particles and moving toxic smokes and permits traffic by ge...

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common focal peripheral neuropathy. Increased pressure in the carpal tunnel results in median nerve compression and impaired nerve perfusion, leading to discomfort and paresthesia in the affected hand. Surgical division of the transverse carpal ligament is preferred in severe cases of CTS and should be considered when conservative measures fail. A through knowl...