This paper examines the recent trends in regional income disparity and urban-rural income inequality in the Chinese economy. It finds that the income disparity between the eastern and western region had declined, but the urban-rural income inequality continued to rise in all four regions during the period under consideration. Moreover, the urban-rural income disparity increased more rapidly in ...

Dynamically changing urban areas require periodic automatic monitoring, but urban areas include various objects and different objects show diverse appearances. This makes it difficult to effectively detect urban areas. A region-growing method using the Markov random field (MRF) model is proposed for urban detection. It consists of three modules. First, it provides an automatic urban seed object...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The emergence of plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamases conferring resistance to third-generation cephalosporins has become a major clinical concern worldwide. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of pAmpC-producing E. cloacae isolates and typing of them in Qazvin and Tehran provinces, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 cefoxitin non-su...

Background: Dental caries is extremely prevalent and one of a significant public health problem among children throughout the world. Data regarding the prevalence of dental caries among Iranian preschool children are very limited. The objective of this research is to determine the frequency of dental caries among preschool children of Qazvin, Iran and the related factors to caries. Subjects and...

The Klang Valley Region is the most urbanized region of Malaysia. As such the region has experienced much increased in the intensity and frequency of environmental hazards affecting the major environmental subsystems. Deterioration of environmental parameters could be observed within the air, water, land and biological components of the environment. Deterioration of environmental quality is clo...