Handwoven carpets as one of the main export items Iran during Qajar period underwent significant integration with world economy after a series foreign companies were established. As result, design, pattern, dyeing, and even weaving techniques changed significantly. There have not been enough considerations all these effects so far. We investigate such process had on Iranian (patterns, sizes, co...

Smallpox, which currently is only of historical interest, was once one of the most terrible illnesses with high mortality and morbidity. In the late 18th century, the English physician and naturalist, Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823), discovered an efficient preventive technique against smallpox which he termed "vaccination". Afterwards, the practice of vaccination gradually became widespread when f...

tiles and tilework has developed in islamic civilization based on pre-islamic iranian art and then spread out from spain to central asia. herein, iran has played an individual role among different islamic countries and remnants of various tileworks across this wide territory are clear evidences to this claim. among different species of tiles and tile decorations, we face with specific types of ...