Inorganic pyrophosphate promoted the acidification of an intracellular compartment in permeabilized promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, as measured by Acridine Orange uptake. The proton gradient generated by pyrophosphate was collapsed by addition of nigericin or NH4Cl. Pyrophosphate-driven proton translocation was stimulated by potassium ions, and inhibited by NaF, the pyrophosphate analogue...

Pyrophosphate is themain form of condensedP in the fluid fertilizer ammonium polyphosphate (APP). When APP is applied to soil, pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed to orthophosphate. Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate was investigated in a highly calcareous soil over 3 wk. Changes in P speciation were measured using solid-state P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for dried soil samples and ion chro...

A family is described in which four members in three generations showed evidence of crystal deposition disease: two developed calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition, one calcific periarthritis, and one mixed crystal deposition disease (gout + chondrocalcinosis). This previously undescribed observation supports a possible role for nonspecific heritable connective tissue factor...

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric epithelium and causes diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPS), which catalyzes consecutive condensation reactions of farnesyl pyrophosphate with eight isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form lipid carrier for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, represents a potential target for developi...

In vitro studies of the influence of FMC 57020 on terpenoid biosynthesis have shown that this herbicide acts at an early stage. It affects the conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate catalyzed by isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase and prenyl transferase. An inhibition of the carotenogenic enzymes phytoene desaturase, ^-carotene desaturase, and lycopene cyclase c...

Sodium pyrophosphate inhibits synthesis of anticomplementary DNA during a reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) catalyzed reaction. In the presence of pyrophosphate, the complementary DNA remains stably complexed to the RNA template. In the absence of pyrophosphate, the DNA. RNA hybrid template is degraded and anticomplementary DNA is synthesized. High conc...

2. Baumann, J. M., Bisaz, S., Felix, R., et al., The role of inhibitors and other factors in the pathogenesis of recurrent Ca-containing renal stones. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 53,141-148 (1977). 3. Russel, R. G. G., Edwards, N. A., and Hodgkinson, A., Urinary pyrophosphate and urolithiasis. Lancet i,1446 (1964). 4. Fleisch, H., and Bisaz, S., Isolation from urine of pyrophosphate-a calcification in...

Bromopyruvate inactivates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli in a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent process. The catalytic activities of the individual enzyme components within the complex are not destroyed by bromopyruvate under similar conditions, but the activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase components are reduced in thiamine pyroph...

All organisms living in complex environments have evolved effective mechanisms of dynamic responses to extracellular stimuli. The immune system activates when damaged or injured cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In addition well-characterized DAMPs such as high-mobility group box 1 and adenosine triphosphate, studies on new classes emerged. Here, we review recent repor...