South Africa’s Government policy embraces the inclusion of distributed energy resources (DER), namely: renewable energy generation, embedded generation (EG) or distributed generation (DG) in the future national generation mix. The renewable energy program incorporates wind power, concentrated solar power (CSP), solar photo-voltaic (PV), landfill, and mini/micro hydro, and envisages a total of 1...

Objectives: To nowcast the weather parameters having a direct impact on power output of solar PV installations, with high prediction accuracy and limited quantity past data. Methods: In this study, GM (1,1) model Fourier series error residuals has been proposed used for forecasting namely Ambient temperature, Solar Photo Voltaic Module Irradiation. Real-time data showing suitability to paramete...

The photovoltaic (PV) systems exhibits nonlinear I-V characteristics and maximum power point varies with solar radiation or insolation and temperature. An intermediate pulse width modulation dc to dc converters can increase efficiency of the system by providing impedance matching between the PV system and the load and operating the PV cell arrays at their maximum power point using MPPT techniqu...

Recently, a great interest in search of alternate means power for the traditional fuel aircraft propulsion is raised so as to decrease gas emissions and reduce operating costs. For small micro unmanned aerial vehicles or transportation aircraft, there are many challenges direction constructing an electric solar powered airplane whose wings may possibly be sheltered with photo voltaic PV panels ...

It was required to determine relative merits of commonly used renewable energy (RE) systems for which estimation their individual sustainability percent achievable chosen as the single criterion assessment tool. The methodology developed estimating included identification indices (SI) and examining scope input /kWh power generation each SI summing them up total accrued from respective RE system...

Since 2018, over three quarters of UK local governments have signed climate emergency declarations signalling a new phase in action. Many areas are developing action plans and considering what policies could be adopted to increase the use distributed energy resources, such as building-integrated photo-voltaic (PV) generation. In this paper we demonstrate how city-scale backcasting can used tool...

High power Light Emitting Diodes (HPLEDS) are adopted for lighting purpose, making them the fastest growing light source worldwide. This paper discusses HPLED lamp of various shapes with different lux levels and different heat sink requirements when used for indoor lighting. To provide constant current to LED, a driver circuit is designed using a dc to dc converter and a microcontroller. The in...

Innovation became important years ago when people became interested in the dynamic underlying economic development and growth. And innovation has been intimately intertwined with entrepreneurship. Joseph Schumpeter, writing in the early 20 C, argued that innovation is central to economic development; he regarded entrepreneurs as innovators engaged in a process of creative destruction, destroyin...