14 MANAGED CARE / JANUARY 2016 When Turing Pharmaceuticals raised the price of its toxoplasmosis drug, Daraprim, from $13.50 to $750 a pill, it captured the attention of policymakers in Washington that drug pricing was out of control. Now leaders in Congress are holding hearings to probe how drug companies set their prices and proposing legislation that’s aimed at reining in spending on pharmac...

objective(s)cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns) have been shown to have potent immunostimulatory adjuvant activity for a wide range of antigens. due to susceptibility of phosphodiester cpg odns (po cpg) to nuclease degradation, nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate cpg odns (ps cpg) were currently utilized in an in vivo model. in this study, according to some recently reported drawbacks with ps ...

Results Surfactant properties did not change in the control group. In the CPB group, PL content increased in TA 24 hours after CPB. LA concentration dropped 4 hours after CPB (P < 0.01) but recovered within 24 hours. The PL : protein ratio of LA was decreased at 24 hours as compared with baseline (P < 0.01). The relative amount of phosphatidylglycerol in LA-PL content dropped linearly over time...

Senior Probation Officer’s (SPOs) in England and Wales work at the ‘front centre’ of organisation’s hierarchy. They act as both manager developer frontline probation practitioners. Previous research has focused on emotional labour undertaken by practitioners yet there is very little SPOs, even though they must be skilful emotion managers their own emotions those supervise. Using data gathered f...

in (golchin a. and rezaei p., subpullbacks and flatness properties of s-posets. comm. algebra. 37: 1995-2007 (2009)) study was initiated of flatness properties of right -posets  over a pomonoid  that can be described by surjectivity of  corresponding to certain (sub)pullback diagrams and new properties such as  and  were discovered. in this article first of all we describe po-flatness propertie...

This paper deals with an optimal instrumental variable method dedicated to subspace-based closed-loop system identification. The presented solution is based on the MOESP technique but requires to modify the original scheme by proposing a new PO MOESP method which uses reconstructed past input and past output data as instrumental variables. The developed approach is then illustrated via a simula...

Inactivity and muscular adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI) result in secondary complications such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and pressure sores. Functional electrically stimulated (FES) cycling can potentially reduce these complications, but previous studies have provided inconsistent results. We studied the effect of intensive long-term FES cycle training on muscle propert...