Unsteady flow and heat transfer from a circular cylinder in cross-flow is studied numerically. The governing equations are solved by using finite volume method. Reynolds number varies in range of 50 to 200; in this range flow is considered to be laminar and unsteady. Al2O3 nanoparticle with volume fraction in range of 5% to 20% is added to pure water. Effects of adding nanoparticle to pure wate...

We measured the absorption spectrum (340-640 nm) of the purest available water with photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Our spectrum exhibits an absorption minimum in the blue region of the spectrum that is deeper than in most previously documented pure-water absorption studies. We attribute this to exceptional sample purity and our technique's inherent freedom from scattering effects. Becaus...

Investigations were conducted on a series of calcium and lanthanum oxides catalyst for biodiesel production. Mixed oxides catalyst showed a superior transesterification activity over pure calcium or pure lanthanum oxide catalysts. The catalyst activity was correlated with surface basicity and specific surface areas. The effects of water and free fatty acids (FFA) levels in oil feedstock, water ...

The water supply is the crucial problem of human beings in the world. Earth dams are usually the most important structures to store and manage the main sources: surface waters. The safety of earth dams in different conditions especially under earthquake loadings plays a vital role in sustainable developments. Recently, mixed-clay soil is widely used as water- seal material in the core of earth ...

Cluster ions and residue nanoparticles with sizes below 30 nm were generated by electrospraying (ES) and drying droplets of pure water, tap water, and aqueous solutions of salts. The mobility spectra of the cluster ions between 9.1 and 9.3 x 10(-5) m2/(V s) were measured using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) operated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A modified Faraday cup an...

We investigated the structure and dynamics of water in contact with a monolayer of artificial lung surfactant (LS), composed of four types of lipids and one protein. The interfacial water is investigated with frequency-domain and time-domain surface sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, in which the vibrational relaxation of specifically interfacial water molecules can be followed. We compare ...

Aeration effects on impact have been investigated by dropping a flat plate onto the water surface, in which the water is aerated to various degrees. An experimental study has been carried out in the newly commissioned Ocean Basin at Plymouth University’s COAST Lab. The falling block comprises a rigid impact plate connected to two driver plates and its total mass can be varied between 32 kg and ...

the most current pursuit algorithms for moving targets which are presented so far in the literatureare pure pursuit and pure rendezvous navigations. recently, one of the present authors has introduced ageometric model for the pure pursuit navigation algorithm. here, in this paper, we study a new algorithm forthe pursuit navigation problem which is a combination of both of the above algorithms. ...

Here we describe the combined process of surface modification with electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (e-ATRP) initiated from the surface of a modified gold-electrode in a pure aqueous solution without any additional supporting electrolyte. This approach allows for a very controlled growth of the polymer chains leading towards a steady increase in film thickness. Electrochemic...

Three fluorescent asymmetric bis-urea receptors (L1-L3) have been synthesised. The binding properties of L1-L3 towards different anions (fluoride, acetate, hydrogencarbonate, dihydrogen phosphate, and hydrogen pyrophosphate HPpi(3-)) have been studied by means of (1)H-NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and theoretical calculations. In particular, a rema...