Chaotic mode-locking of chirped-pulse oscillator has been analyzed on the basis of generalized nonlinear cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. It has been shown, that the chirped solitary pulse can be stabilized against the vacuum excitation, if the fourth-order dispersion is nonzero and positive. However, the pulse evolves chaotically, if the dispersion reaches some threshold value.

To investigate the generation of action potentials by electrical stimulation we studied the response of auditory nerve fibres (ANFs) to a variety of stimulus waveforms. Current pulses were presented to longitudinal bipolar scala tympani electrodes implanted in normal and deafened cochleae. Capacitively coupled monophasic current pulses evoked single ANF responses that were more sensitive to one...

Microsecond laser pulses are currently being investigated in a new ophthalmic procedure for treatment of disorders associated with the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The precise mechanism for microsecond laser-induced RPE damage, however, has not been determined. We have previously shown that short pulse laser irradiation in the nanosecond to picosecond time domain causes transient microbubb...

The use of ultrashort femtosecond pulsed lasers to effect membrane permeabilisation and initiate both optoinjection and transfection of cells has recently seen immense interest. We investigate femtosecond laser-induced membrane permeabilisation in mammalian cells as a function of pulse duration, pulse energy and number of pulses, by quantifying the efficiency of optoinjection for these paramete...

We present measurements of the pulse length of ultracold electron bunches generated by near-threshold two-photon photoionization of a laser-cooled gas. The pulse length has been measured using a resonant 3 GHz deflecting cavity in TM110 mode. We have measured the pulse length in three ionization regimes. The first is direct two-photon photoionization using only a 480 nm femtosecond laser pulse,...