Partial discharge (PD) behaviors of oil-paper insulation is distinctive in AC and DC combined electric fields in converter transformers from PD behaviors in pure AC or DC electric fields. The present study focuses on the PD developing processes and characteristics of oil-paper insulation systems with needle-plane defects under different AC/DC proportions. The degradation of oil-paper insulation...

The states of an atom in external electric fields become quasi-bound since the electron can ionize by tunneling through the potential barrier into the continuum. Due to the external electric field the ionization threshold of the atom is lowered from the field-free value. This process becomes important for states close to the classical ionization energy or above. These resonance states can be st...

Gene electrotransfer is a physical method used to deliver genes into the cells by application of short and intense electric pulses, which cause destabilization of cell membrane, making it permeable to small molecules and allows transfer of large molecules such as DNA. It represents an alternative to viral vectors, due to its safety, efficacy and ease of application. For gene electrotransfer dif...

We systematically investigate supercontinuum generation using three-dimensional numerical simulations of nonlinear femtosecond pulse propagation in hollow-core fibers (HCF) at different pump wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 2 μm. A general design strategy for HCF compressors is presented, maximizing the spectral broadening while preserving high beam quality for given pump pulse energy, durati...

Ready to Drink (RTD) mango nectar was subjected to pulsed electric fields (PEF) processing. The effect of process parameters including pulse frequency (70-120 Hz) and pulse width (1524 μs) on carotenes, total plate count, coliforms, yeast and moulds and over all acceptability was studied using a response surface methodology. Mango nectar exhibited high retention of carotene content at higher fr...

This article discusses high-frequency systems of standing wave linear electron accelerator. One of the drawbacks of standing wave accelerators is extended transient process in high-Q resonator sections, which leads to insufficient beam energy at initial stage of high frequency pulse and occurrence of medium energy spread of clusters. This spread can be eliminated by power supply of accelerator ...

The measurement and characterization of ultrashort laser pulses remains an arduous task. The most commonly used pulse-measurement method is known as frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), and another version with great experimental simplification and low-priced setup is known as grating-eliminated no-nonsense observation of ultrafast incident laser light E fields (GRENOUILLE). Nevertheless, ...

We present a numerical solution for complete population inversion in a four-level ladder system obtained by using a full π-pulse illumination scheme with resonant ultrashort phase-locked Gaussian laser pulses. We find that a set of pulse areas such as √ 3π, 2π, and √ 3π completely inverts the four-level system considering identical effective dipole coupling coefficients. The solution is consist...

We report a method for ultrashort pulse reconstruction based only on the pulse spectrum and two self-phase modulated (SPM) spectra measured after pulse propagation through thin media with a Kerr nonlinearity. The advantage of this method is that it is a simple and very effective tool for characterization of complex signals. We have developed a new retrieval algorithm that was verified by recons...

Introduction: It is important that biological and health effects from the induction of currents and fields in the body by extremely low frequency (ELF) fields are fully explored to determine the effects produced at the molecular, cellular and organ levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intensity of ELF electromagnetic fields and its probable relationship with hematological cha...