Pulmonary hypertension may coexist with certain diseases in neonates. Iloprost inhalation is one of the treatments which cause selective pulmonary vasodilatation. Inhalation is not an easy way of drug administration in mechanically ventilated infants; as some exhibit desaturations during inhalation. Moreover, inhalation of drug requires cessation of mechanical ventilation, if patient is on high...

This review, based on relevant published evidence and the authors’ clinical experience, presents how to evaluate a patient with acute respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. This patient must be carefully evaluated by nurses, physiotherapists, respiratory care practitioners and physicians regarding the elucidation of the cause of the acute episode of respiratory failure by means of p...

The measurement and evaluation of pulmonary function has been a difficult procedure. The common approach to this problem has been the crude method of judging pulmonary function by noting whether a subject shows evidence of dyspnea after exercise (walking up and down a ward or up a flight of stairs). This method is still the most frequent one employed in the majority of institutions where there ...

Correspondence 2 . Mollica C , Paone G , Conti V , et al . Mechanical ventilation in patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fi brosis . Respiration . In press . 3 . Fumeaux T , Rothmeier C , Jolliet P . Outcome of mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure in patients with pulmonary fi brosis . Intensive Care Med . 2001 ; 27 ( 12 ): 1868 1874 . 4 . Blivet S , Philit F , Sab JM ,...

To determine the sensitivities and specificities of ventilation/perfusion lung scans for acute pulmonary embolism, a random sample of 933 of 1493 patients was studied prospectively. Nine hundred thirty-one underwent scintigraphy and 755 underwent pulmonary angiography; 251 (33%) of 755 demonstrated pulmonary embolism. Almost all patients with pulmonary embolism had abnormal scans of high, inter...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether anaesthetised patients undergoing surgery could benefit from intraoperative protective ventilation strategies. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched up to February 2014. Eligible studies evaluated protective ventilation versus conventional ventilation in anaesthetised patients without lung injury at th...

OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical indications and complications of non-invasive ventilation. DATA SOURCES A review of articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 1966 to 1998 and identified through a MEDLINE search on non-invasive ventilation. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with respiratory failure caused by cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, acu...

BACKGROUND The way in which hyperoxia affects pulmonary ventilation and perfusion is not fully understood. We investigated how an increase in oxygen partial pressure in healthy young volunteers affects pulmonary ventilation and perfusion measured by thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT). METHODS Twelve semi-supine healthy male volunteers aged 21-36 years were studied while breathing ...

Isoflurane has been reported to inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, the effects of one-lung ventilation and isoflurane on regional pulmonary blood flow (Qr) have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, using radionuclide labelled microspheres we measured Qr in rabbits (n = 8) in the left lateral decubitus position during two- and one-lung ventilation under i.v. baseline ana...

At birth, ventilation and oxygenation immediately decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increase pulmonary blood flow (PBF); more gradual changes occur over the next several hours. Nitric oxide, produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mediates these gradual changes. To determine how ventilation and oxygenation affect eNOS gene expression, 12 fetal lambs were ventilated ...