New psychoactive substances (NPS) have completely modified the drug scene and the current landscape of addiction. Synthetic substances, such as substituted or synthetic cathinones, also known as « legal highs », are often produced and used to mimic the effects of controlled drugs such as cocaine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), and methamphetamine. The overwhelming majority of sy...

In 2010, the World Health Organization published an important report entitled " Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes " (1, 2) revealing that among priority public health conditions, oral health represents a global problem linked to inequalities in social circumstances (3). Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in progressive attachment and alveolar bo...

jects, one of industrial arts, two speech supervisors, with cooperation from the Divisions of Physical Training, Music, Art, Commercial Education, Industrial Arts, in supervision of special subjects. Such an organization is handicapped by all of the problems faced by schools in the matter of equipment and help which must be paid for by the public. Many items which are desirable are missing from...

Armed conflict between warring states and groups within states have been major causes of ill health and mortality for most of human history. Conflict obviously causes deaths and injuries on the battlefield, but also health consequences from the displacement of populations, the breakdown of health and social services, and the heightened risk of disease transmission. Despite the size of the healt...

1 Giddens A. Modernity and self-identity. Cambridge: Polity, 1991. 2 Dixon-Woods M, Baum M, Kurinczuk JJ. Screening for breast cancer with mammography Lancet 358:2166-7. 3 Ciatto S, Zappa R, Bonardi G, Gervasi G. Prostate cancer screening: the problem of overdiagnosis and lessons to be learned from breast screening. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:1347-50. 4 NHS Cancer Screening Programmes. The prostate c...

Waterborne outbreaks of Toxoplasma gondii have focused attention on the importance of oocysts shed in the feces of infected cats. Cat feces deposited annually into the environment in the United States total approximately 1.2 million metric tons. The annual oocyst burden measured in community surveys is 3 to 434 oocysts per square foot and is greater in areas where cats selectively defecate. Bec...

Cryptosporidium spp. is under recognized as an important pathogen causing diarrhea in children and HIV-infected individuals with associated high morbidity and mortality. In endemic areas, most symptomatic infections are in childhood and in immunocompromised adults. The immune status of the host plays a critical role in determining the severity of cryptosporidiosis. Infection is self-limited in ...

BEFORE I DISCUSS illegal abortion as a disease of society, let us look at the definition of the word "disease." In the 22nd edition of the "American Illustrated Medical Dictionary," disease is defined as "any departure from the state of health, an illness or a sickness; most specifically, a definite morbid process having a characteristic train of symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of...

Chronic diseases have become a major public health problem. Chronic diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India and other lowand middle-income countries. The chronic diseases account for 60% of all deaths worldwide. Eighty percentage of chronic disease deaths worldwide occur in lowand middleincome countries.1 In India, the projected number of deaths due to chronic disease w...

The aim of this Editorial is to discuss depression as an important disorder for public health. The literature regarding epidemiology, consequences, adequacy of service delivery and prevention of depression is reviewed. Depression is a common disorder with high lifetime rates, particularly in women, and those experiencing social adversity. It is a major cause of disability, and causes death both...