Interactive systems, games, VR and multimedia systems require more and more flexible Virtual Humans with individualities. Behavioral animation seems to be the best way to develop this kind of applications, but there is still a major problem to select the right laws and rules to implement individual but believable behaviors. To create motion laws, there are mainly two approaches: 1) Recording th...

Games and interactive virtual worlds increasingly rely on interactions with the environment, and require animations for displaying them. Manually synthesizing such animations is a daunting task due to the difficulty of handling the close interactions between a character’s body and the object. Capturing such movements using optical motion capture systems, which are the most prevalent devices for...

In this paper we provide the reader with a simple, yet thorough, overview of what is motion capture, its history and evolution so far and processes used in acquiring the tri-dimensional data of the recorded scene, take or animation. A brief look at the “mocap” process’s (short for motion capture) structure is given followed by an extensive list of the technologies behind the most popular system...

Markerless motion capture systems have developed in an effort to evaluate human movement in a natural setting. However, the accuracy and reliability of these systems remain understudied. Therefore, the goals of this study were to quantify the accuracy and repeatability of joint angles using a single camera markerless motion capture system and to compare the markerless system performance with th...

Spatial perspective can be directed by various reference frames, as well as by the direction of motion. In the present study, we explored how ambiguity in spatial tasks can be resolved. Participants were presented with virtual reality environments in order to stimulate a spatialreference frame based on motion. They interacted with an ego-moving spatial system in Experiment 1 and an object-movin...

ERGO-MTM is an innovative model to set standard times of manual tasks. MTM, developed in the forties by industrial engineers, assigns a basic time to execute a given motion based on the concept of normal performance (speed, effort and precision). The traditional models to set a standard time then add to the basic time a fatigue allowance, applied on each individual motion, depending generally o...

This report presents Camera Motion Graphs, a new technique to easily and efficiently generate cinematographic sequences in real-time dynamic 3D environments. A camera motion graph consists of (i) pieces of original camera trajectories attached to one or multiple targets, (ii) generated continuous transitions between those trajectories and (iii) transitions representing cuts between two camera t...

There exists a large body of research devoted to creating real time interactive locomotion controllers which are targeted at some specific class of character, most often humanoid bipeds. Relatively little work, however, has been done on approaches which are applicable to creatures with a wide range of different forms – partially due to the lack of easily obtainable motion-capture data for anima...

Interactive control of human characters would allow the intuitive control of characters in computer/video games, the control of avatars for virtual reality, electronically mediated communication or teleconferencing, and the rapid prototyping of character animations for movies. To be useful, such a system must be capable of controlling a lifelike character interactively, precisely, and intuitive...

We address a “sticking object” problem for the release of whole-hand virtual grasps. The problem occurs when grasping techniques require fingers to be moved outside an object’s boundaries after a user’s (real) fingers interpenetrate virtual objects due to a lack of physical motion constraints. This may be especially distracting for grasp techniques that introduce mismatches between tracked and ...