The aim of this study is to present the available and verified methods of prevention of cognitive decline in healthy older adults and to review clinical trials of therapies to improve impaired cognitive performance. We discuss data about the actual possibility of pharmacological treatment, usefulness of physical exercises, and effectiveness of different cognitive training methods. In a separate...

A test of whether patients suffering from a severe closed-head injury (CHI) were affected by disproportionate dual-task costs compared to those of healthy control participants was carried out through a direct comparison of CHI effects on dual-task (psychological refractory period, or PRP) performance and on single-task performance. In the dual-task condition of the present experiment, independe...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to compare distinct brain frontal lobe parcellation methods across 90 brain magnetic resonance imaging scans and examine their associations with cognition in older age. METHODS Three parcellation methods (Manual, FreeSurfer, and Stereology) were applied to T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of 90 older men, aged ∼ 73 years. A measure of general fluid ...

We assessed the relationship between anxiety and long-term metabolic control in adolescents with phenylketonuria (PKU). We used a standardized psychological test to measure anxiety level and analyzed lifelong blood phenylalanine stability in a selected group of 25 PKU teenagers with treatment adherence problems. We demonstrated significant correlations of anxiety with variability of blood pheny...

This study examined the factor structure, external correlates, and predictive utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy scale (SRP-II; Hare, Harpur, & Hemphill, 1989). Despite a revision of the SRP-II to address, among other criticisms, a lack of items reflecting antisocial behavior, we hypothesized that the SRP-II would have a conceptually coherent factor structure and sufficiently tap facets of ...

Claims have been made for associated degrees of impairment on both visual and auditory performance in unilateral neglect and extinction. Since this evidence is primarily based on different tests in each modality, it is difficult to properly quantify the degree of association between performance in vision and audition. The current study compares visual and auditory extinction and temporal order ...

The use of the Bene-Anthony Family Relations Test is described and illustrated by three examples of child abuse. This test should be considered in the investigation of definite or suspected cases of abuse and as part of the preparation of court evidence.

In the present study, we tried to answer two main questions: (1) do the elderly of low educational level improve their performance in ability tests when they are trained in inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, or everyday problem solving? (2) If such training were effective, what will the level of training transfer be? Ninety elderly participated in this study (36 women, 54 men; mean age =...

A questionnaire was mailed to 120 vertiginous patients who had taken either the CMI or the Y-G psychological test over one year ago. Of the 120 patients, 106 answered the questionnaire. They were classified into two groups of emotional instability, group A and group B, according to the results of the test. The subjective improvement rate of group A was 71.9 percent, worse than that of group B. ...

An investigation was carried out comparing the nature and duration of the cognitive effects of atropine and hyoscine. Thirty patients undergoing a minor gynaecological operation were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive hyoscine, atropine or placebo as premedication. A battery of psychological tests was administered before premedication, 30 min after premedication, and 1 and 3 h ...