The dilatation of a pseudo-Anosov braid is a conjugacy invariant. In this paper, we study the dilatation of a special family of pseudo-Anosov braids. We prove an inductive formula to compute their dilatation, a monotonicity and an asymptotic behavior of the dilatation for this family of braids. We also give an example of a family of pseudo-Anosov braids with arbitrarily small dilatation such th...

A set of lab-scale experiments were designed and conducted to remedy Direct Blue 15 (DB15) dye using nontoxic halloysite nanotubes (HNT) with the view be utilized in a textile industrial effluent (TIE). The DB15 adsorbed-HNT “sludge” was used as reinforcing agent plastic waste fabricate composite. To advance knowledge further understand chemical phenomena associated adsorption on HNT, different...

the main objective of this study is to drive a simple solution for prediction of steel fiber reinforced concrete (sfrc) behavior under four point bending test (fpbt). in this model all the force components at the beam section (before and after cracking) are formulated by applying these assumptions: a bilinear elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain response for concrete behavior in compression,...

This paper presents a unified approach to model the influence of fabric anisotropy 6 and its evolution on both the elastic and plastic responses of sand. A physically based fabric 7 tensor is employed to characterize the anisotropic internal structure of sand. It is incorporated 8 into the nonlinear elastic stiffness tensor to describe anisotropic elasticity, and is further 9 included explicitl...

The compressive plastic strength of nanometer-scale single-crystal metallic pillars is larger than that found in conventionally sized samples. This behavior is generally associated with a change in the length scale that determines plastic behavior and the consequent inability of nanoscale samples to store dislocations. Here, we show in the case of nanocrystalline nickel pillars, for which there...

In this paper a numerical approach of the elasto-plastic problem with mixed hardening in the plane stress state, within the classical constitutive framework of small deformation, is proposed. In the formalized problem, the non-zero normal component of the strain (namely, the component in the direction perpendicular to the plane of stress) is considered to be compatible with the plane stress. We...