The early diagnosis of Lowe's syndrome can be difficult. Urinary excretion of retinol binding protein (RBP) and the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) were significantly increased in boys with Lowe's syndrome. Measurement of these urine parameters is recommended in suspected cases.

Studies were undertaken in Munich-Wistar rats to determine whether maintenance of chronic metabolic alkalosis (CMA) is associated with an increase in proximal HCO3 reabsorption, or whether a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is required to sustain the elevated plasma HCO3 concentration. Superficial single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), and absolute proximal HCO3 (APRHCo...

The nature of microproteinuria in the early years of insulin-dependent diabetes was investigated in a cross sectional study of 80 children with insulin-dependent diabetes and 40 normal children. Urinary excretion of three low molecular weight proteins: alpha-1-microglobulin, beta-2-microglobulin and kappa light chains was used as an index of proximal renal tubular function. The first urine samp...

1. Amino acids have been used to test renal reserve filtration capacity. Previous studies suggest that amino acids increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by reducing distal tubular flow and tubuloglomerular feedback activity. 2. Glomerular function and the renal tubular handling of sodium during infusion of amino acids was studied in 12 normal volunteers. 3. Clearance of sodium (CNa) was unc...

Vallon V. The proximal tubule in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300: R1009–R1022, 2011. First published January 12, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00809.2010.—Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in the early changes of the diabetic kidney may permit the devel...

The evolution of the vertebrate kidney records three occasions, each separated by about 50 million years, when fish have abandoned glomeruli to produce urine by tubular mechanisms. The recurring dismissal of glomeruli suggests a mechanism of aglomerular urine formation intrinsic to renal tubules. Indeed, the transepithelial secretion of organic solutes and of inorganic solutes such as sulfate, ...

proximal weakness specially in extremitas is a common neurologic symptom of patients, for which the physician should consider toxic, metabolic, infectious and paraneoblastic diseases affecting muscular system as well as primary myopathies. osteomalacia is one of the most common considerations which is treatable but disabling as its natural course. osteomalacia is the most often due to vitd or c...

The mechanisms of renal tubular dysfunction in old age have been examined in twenty-eight clinically healthy elderly subjects without infection, and in fourteen subjects of similar age with laboratory evidence of intrarenal infection. The data were compared with those from thirteen clinically healthy young subjects. Studied were: proximal tubular (Tm(PAH)) and distal tubular (CH2O) activity, mi...

In adults, the extent of renal reabsorption of P(i) and consequently the extent of urinary excretion of phosphate are to a large extent determined by the abundance of the Na-P(i) cotransporter NaPi-IIa (SLC34A1). Localization of this cotransporter is restricted to the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells, and its abundance is controlled by a number of factors and pathophysiological conditi...