Non-enveloped human pathogenic viruses, highly stable in the environment, can be transmitted by different routes, such as contaminated food and water. The waterborne transmission of non-enveloped viruses to humans causes illnesses when individuals are exposed water resources agricultural water, drainage, outdoor field or subsurface even drinking In addition transmission, viral foodborne may con...

1. introduction world bank, in a report on our country, has named the following factors as the water challenges facing the country: decrease in per capita recoverable water, loss of water quality, inefficient use of effective consumption monitoring in industry and agriculture, soil salinity, the poor quality of maintenance and preservation of reservoirs, restrictions on the recoverable cost and...

Environmental Science & Technology is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Correspondence/Rebuttal Comment on “Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Developing World” Daniele Lantagne, Regula Meierhofer, Greg Allgood, K. G. McGuigan, an...

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a global strategic framework of seventeen goals to be achieved within decade. recent Progress Report shows that Serbia made steps toward reaching targets the sustainable development goal (SDG) 6 related availability and management water sanitation all. While 82% population in urban areas has access safe drinking water, country needs regulate supply...

An outbreak of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa occurred in and around Chandigarh during July 22-31, 2002. Of the 303 patients admitted to two hospitals, 82 were confirmed by culture. Two rehabilitation colonies located at the periphery of Chandigarh were mainly affected. The isolates were biotyped as Eltor and were susceptible to many antibiotics. Thirty one (35.2%) of 88 water sampl...

Background: Many radioactive compounds may be released into the environment and hence into the drinking water supplies due to the human activities. Radionuclides can also enter the food chain if the contaminated water is used for drinking or irrigation purposes. Objective: To estimate the annual effective dose of natural radioactive materials like 226Ra and 40K in drinking water of wells in Zan...

economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in iran. limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...