In addition to the physical advantages (Bragg peak), the use of charged particles in cancer therapy can be associated with distinct biological effects compared to X-rays. While heavy ions (densely ionizing radiation) are known to have an energy- and charge-dependent increased Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), protons should not be very different from sparsely ionizing photons. A slightly...

We propose the use of 18O-enriched water as a suitable contrast agent for potential in-vivo range verification in proton therapy. The low energy production threshold 18F (2.6 MeV, 115 μm) leads to tissue activation very close proximity maximum dose deposition, facilitating accurate with off-line PET imaging. This idea has been explored phantom experiment. A 3D-printed containing inserts was irr...

background: high-velocity carbon ion beams represent the most advanced tool for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors. currently, the superiority of carbon ion therapy is more prominent on lung cancer or hepatomas. materials and methods: the data for lateral straggling and projected range of monoenergetic 290 mev/u (3.48 gev) carbon ions in muscle tissue were obtained from the stopping and range o...

The deconvolution of a single Gaussian kernel is extended to a sum of Gaussian kernels with positive coefficients (case 1) and to a Mexican hat (case 2). In case 1 the normalization requires the sum of the normalized Gaussian kernels to be always 1, i.e. c0 + c1 + c2 + · · · = 1. Each coefficient satisfies ck > 0. In case 2 (Mexican hat) the properties c0 + c1 = 1 with c0 > 1and c1 < 0 hold; c1...

Introduction: The main advantage of using ion beams over photons in radiotherapy is due to their inverse depth-dose profiles, allowing higher doses to tumors, while better sparing normal tissues. When calculating dose distributions with ion beams, one crucial point is the uncertainty of the Bragg-peak range. Recently great effort is devoted to enhance the accuracy of the comput...

Proton radiotherapy has the potential to provide state-of-the-art dose conformality in tumor area, reducing possible adverse effects on surrounding organs at risk. However, uncertainties exact location of proton Bragg peak inside patient prevent this technique from achieving full clinical potential. In context, vivo verification range protons patients is key reduce uncertainty margins. Protoaco...

Proton therapy is an advantageous treatment modality compared to conventional radiotherapy. In contrast to photons, charged particles have a finite range and can thus spare organs at risk. Additionally, the increased ionization density in the so-called Bragg peak close to the particle range can be utilized for maximum dose deposition in the tumour volume. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the ther...

Heavy ions have varying effects on the target. The most important factor in comparing this effect is Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Protons and carbons are heavy with high LET. Since these lose energy through collisions as they move tissue, their range not long. This loss of increases along way, maximum reached at end range. whole process represented by Bragg curve. input dose curve, full width ...

Proton therapy has been used in the treatment of cancer for over 50 years. Due to its unique dose distribution with its spread-out Bragg peak, proton therapy can deliver highly conformal radiation to cancers located adjacent to critical normal structures. One of the important applications of its use is in prostate cancer, since the prostate is located adjacent to the rectum and bladder. Over 30...

Proton therapy treatments are based on a proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness) relative to high-energy photons of 1.1. The use of this generic, spatially invariant RBE within tumors and normal tissues disregards the evidence that proton RBE varies with linear energy transfer (LET), physiological and biological factors, and clinical endpoint. Based on the available experimental data fro...