We have previously introduced an anisotropic leaky-mode modulator as a waveguide-based, acousto-optic solution for spatial light modulation in holographic video display systems. Waveguide fabrication for these and similar surface acoustic wave devices relies on proton exchange of a lithium niobate substrate, which involves the immersion of the substrate in an acid melt. While simple and effecti...

The acid-activated proton channel formed by the influenza M2 protein is important for the life cycle of the virus. A single histidine, His37, in the M2 transmembrane domain (M2TM) is responsible for pH activation and proton selectivity of the channel. Recent studies suggested three models for how His37 mediates proton transport: a shuttle mechanism involving His37 protonation and deprotonation,...

New proton exchange membrane (PEM) materials with high proton conductivities at elevated temperatures (ca. > 150 °C) offer the promise of improving PEM fuel cell operation. Higher operating temperatures would provide several benefits including: (i) improved resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning of the platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst at the anode, (ii) reduced need for feed-stream heat and humid...

Events with a baryon carrying a large fraction of the proton beam energy have been observed in ep scattering at HERA [1, 2]. The dynamical mechanisms for their production are not completely understood. They may be the result of hadronization of the proton remnant, leaving a baryon in the final state. Exchange of virtual particles is also expected to contribute. In this picture, the target proto...

A straightforward heteronuclear pseudo-3D NOESY-HSQC pulse sequence using radiation damping to selectively invert magnetization at the water frequency was developed to estimate the amide proton exchange rates in 15N-labelled proteins. The peak intensities in the resultant 2D spectrum allow a direct classification of amide proton exchange rates according to short (ms), intermediate (ms to s) or ...

An anisotropic model for the fabrication of annealed and reverse proton exchange waveguides in lithium niobate is presented. We characterized the anisotropic diffusion properties of proton exchange, annealing and reverse proton exchange in Z-cut and X-cut substrates using planar waveguides. Using this model we fabricated high quality channel waveguides with propagation losses as low as 0.086 dB...

Cation adsorption data using MnCl2 and the proton isotherm of a Si oxide were compared with pH as the variable. The cation adsorption data quantitatively correlated with the proton isotherm analysis; the H+/Mn* exchange ratio was 6.0. The presence of adsorption plateaus are due to pH-dependent (step) reactions; this was suggested as the only reasonable explanation for adsorption isotherms cover...

η meson production in both proton-proton and proton-neutron collisions is investigated within a relativistic meson exchange model of hadronic interactions. It is found that the available cross section data can be described equally well by either the vector or pseudoscalar meson exchange mechanism for exciting the S 11 (1535) resonance. It is shown that the analyzing power data can potentially b...

A series of fluorinated sulfonated poly (ether amide)s (SPAs) were synthesized for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. A polycondensation reaction of 4,4’-oxydianiline, 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt, and tetrafluorophenylene dicarboxylic acids (terephthalic and isophthalic) or fluoroaliphatic dicarboxylic acids produced SPAs with sulfonation degrees of 80–90%. Controllin...