background: tuberculosis (tb) is a major cause of death worldwide. finding an effective vaccine against tb is the best way to control it. several vaccines against this disease have been developed but none are completely protective. the aim of this study was to design and construct a cloning vector containing the mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) heat shock protein x (hspx). methods: ...

Two patients with subacute symptoms and signs compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) had right upper lobe cavitary infiltrates shown on chest radiography. In both patients, purified protein derivative and microbiologic testing excluded TB, and tissue examination yielded typical histologic changes of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Glucocorticoid therapy led to clinica...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of and reduction in diagnostic delay attributable to a clinical algorithm used for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPTB) in HIV-infected adults. DESIGN An algorithm was designed to facilitate clinicoradiological diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) in HIV-infected smear-negative adult patients. A folder review was performed on...

Antibody in sera from 560 cattle of tuberculosis (TB)-infected and TB-free herds was investigated by competition and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using bovine purified protein derivative tuberculin as the antigen. Antibody was detected in sera from both types of herd, with a widely overlapping range of titers. However, a "tail" of high-titered sera was observed for the distributi...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a substantial problem in HIV/TB coinfected patients commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART). The immunopathogenesis of TB-IRIS includes increased production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including interleukin-18, which is a signature cytokine of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-ri...

The incident of Tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia is estimated 81.4 per 100,000 population [1]. In 2011, the number of extra pulmonary TB reported was 2888 cases [1]. Reported cases of extra pulmonary TB in Malaysia noted to be increasing in trend over the years based on statistic from 2005 to 2011 [1]. Although the prevalence of TB meningitis is low, it has high mortality and morbidity if inadequa...

Fe-deficiency anaemia is the most common cause of anaemia in developing countries. In these settings, many chronic infections, including tuberculosis (TB), are highly prevalent. Fe is an essential nutrient for both host and mycobacteria that play a pivotal role in host immunity and mycobacterial growth. A case-control study was performed in a TB-endemic region in Jakarta, Indonesia, among 378 p...

This study aims to determine the effect of giving shredded eel on intake protein, Fe and hemoglobin levels patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The method used is a quasi-experimental design one group pre post-test design. research sample was taken using total sampling technique. results showed that average Hb after administration obtained p-value 0.000 significance value each level 0.000, 0.0...