A three-component 1,2-aminoarylation of vinyl ethers, enamides, ene-carbamates and thioethers by synergistic photoredox nickel catalysis is reported. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy carbonyl protected α-amino-oxy acids are used as amidyl radical precursors. anti-Markovnikov addition the to alkene Ni-mediated radical/transition metal cross over lead corresponding product. The cascade, which can be conduct...

Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a type of ferritin that sequesters iron. Previous studies have shown that FtMt is expressed by dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and that it may be involved in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. However, the functional roles of FtMt in dopaminergic neurons remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of FtMt in α-synuclein regulation...

Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α (cPLA(2)α) is the rate-limiting enzyme for release of arachidonic acid, which is converted primarily to PGs via the cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 pathways and to leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. We used adoptive transfer and relapsing-remitting forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, in two different str...

Secreted and surface-displayed carbohydrates are essential for virulence and viability of many parasites, including for immune system evasion. We have identified the α-Gal trisaccharide epitope on the surface of the protozoan parasites Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis, the etiological agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, with the latter bearing larger amou...

In this paper we report here a hydrogen/deuterium exchange (H/D exchange) of cross-linkable α-amino acid derivatives with deuterated trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOD). H/D exchange with TfOD was easily applied to o-catechol containing phenylalanine (DOPA) within an hour. A partial H/D exchange was observed for trifluoromethyldiazirinyl (TFMD) phenylalanine derivatives. N-Acetyl-protected nat...

Korean red ginseng has shown therapeutic effects for a number of disease conditions. However, little is known about the antiinflammatory effect of Korean red ginseng saponin fraction (RGSF) in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we showed that RGSF containing 20(S)-protopanaxadiol type saponins inhibited nitric oxide production and attenuated the release of tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-...

Interaction between the nascent polypeptide chain and the ribosomal exit tunnel can modulate the rate of translation and induce translational arrest to regulate expression of downstream genes. The ribosomal tunnel also provides a protected environment for initial protein folding events. Here, we present a 2.9 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of a ribosome stalled during translation of the e...

Reactions of O-peracetylated (α-D-galacto-heptulopyranosyl bromide)onamide and O-perbenzoylated (α-D-gluco-heptulopyranosyl bromide)onamide with ketones in the presence of silver(I) salt promoters gave the corresponding O-peracylated 1',5'-anhydro-D-glycitol-spiro-[1',5]-4-imino-2,2-disubstituted-1,3-dioxolanes. The D-galacto configured starting compounds furnished both spiro epimers, while the...

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of lipophilic phenolic antioxidants was carried out with a concentrate of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), recovered from oil extracted from salmon ( Salmon salar ) byproduct. Vanillyl alcohol and rutin were selected for the esterification reaction, and obtained esters yields were 60 and 30%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the esters were compared...