Background—The pacemaker current If is present in atrial and ventricular myocytes. However, it remains controversial whether If overexpression in diseased states might play a role for arrhythmogenesis, because first If activation in whole-cell recordings hardly overlapped the diastolic voltage of working myocardium. Methods and Results—To obtain further insight into IHCN and If properties, we p...

25 Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic-nucleotide gated, non-specific cation (HCN) 26 channels have a well-characterized role in regulation of cellular excitability and network 27 activity. The role of these channels in control of epileptiform discharges is less 28 thoroughly understood. This is especially pertinent given altered HCN channel 29 expression in epilepsy. We hypothesized that inhib...

in the detergent industry. In this study, the extracellular alkaline serine protease gene, aprE, from Bacillusclausii was amplified by PCR and further cloned and expressed in B. subtilis WB600 using the pWB980 expression vector. Protease activity of the recombinant B. subtilis WB600 harboring the plasmid pWB980/aprEreached up to 1020 U/ml, approximately 3-folds higher than the nativ...

Abstrak. Salah satu perkebunan di Indonesia menghasilkan kakao (Theobroma cacao L.), yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap perekonomian dan cadangan devisa Indonesia. Masih terdapat tantangan dalam pengembangan seluruh Indonesia, termasuk Provinsi Aceh, antara lain adanya penyakit hama berkontribusi rendahnya produktivitas kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat...

Soil salinization is increasing steadily in many parts of the world and causes major problems for plant productivity. Under these stress conditions, root-associated beneficial bacteria can help improve plant growth and nutrition. In this study, salt-tolerant bacteria from the rhizosphere of Uzbek wheat with potentially beneficial traits were isolated and characterized. Eight strains which initi...

We have observed four carbon stars (W Ori, RW LMi [CIT6], Y CVn, and LP And [IRC+40540]) in the HCN(J = 1 → 0) line and three of them (RW LMi, Y CVn, and LP And) also in the CN(N = 1 → 0) line using the IRAM interferometer on Plateau de Bure. The HCN brightness distributions are centred on the stellar positions suggesting a photospheric origin of this molecule. We see the expected structure of ...

457 C o m m e n t a r y Ion channels are highly specialized to respond to a wide range of environmental stimuli, including transmem-brane voltage and chemical ligands (Hille, 2001). The response of channels to external cues causes a change in their ion conduction, which, in turn, modifies the behavior of excitable and nonexcitable cells. The hyper-polarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide–mo...

Part of the sympathetic flight-or-fight response is an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) that raises the rate of action potential generation in the heart pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node (Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003). The increased firing rate in the SA node increases the heart rate and cardiac output necessary to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles for the flight-or...

Kinetics of bacterial growth and protease production were monitored on a novel isolated moderately halophilic bacterium, Salinivibrio sp. strain MS-7, and maximum growth and protease activity was achieved after 48 hours at 30°C and 180 rpm. To determine the effect of various carbon sources on protease production, glucose, lactose, sucrose and maltose were investigated and  maximum production of...

OBJECTIVE The second messenger cAMP is involved in both β3 adrenoceptor (β3-AR) mediated detrusor relaxation and the kinetics of Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Here we characterized the effect HCN channel activation and possible interaction with β3-AR in bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder tissues from Sprague-Dawley rats and Human organ donors were obt...