OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition of upper renal tract (renal and ureteric) calculi in Multan. SETTING Department of Urology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. STUDY PERIOD September 1992 to February 1999. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 700 renal and ureteric calculi were analyzed by chemical method of Hodgkinson. RESULTS The commonest were uric acid (28.1%) calculi, followed in freq...

We present a family of infinitary lambda calculi with varying strictness. This family of calculi corresponds to the infinitary lambda calculi of Kennaway et al. but instead of metric completion our calculi are based on ideal completion. We show that each of our calculi conservatively extends the corresponding metric-based calculus. The extension that our calculi provide is characterised in the ...

Renal calculi (kidney stones, nephrolithiasis, kidney calculi, renal stones)is a condition in which one or more stones are present the pelvis calyces of ureter. The objectives this study to efficacy homoeopathic medicine management Calculi and Homoeopathic approach avoid Surgery recurrence Stone formation. Thirty cases were selected through random sampling. studied keeping individualistic by fo...

background retrograde intra-renal surgery (rirs) has been used to remove stones of less than 2 cm in the kidney. however, its role is not well defined. objectives the objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and safety of rirs, used either as a primary or secondary procedure, and to analyze factors predicting the stonefree rate (sfr). patients and methods a retrospective analysis wa...

introduction bladder stone is the most common form of lower urinary tract stones and constitutes 5% of all urinary tract stones. the giant bladder stones are very rare and our report was the first one in iran and in the world. case presentation the patient was a 35-year-old man who was referred to our urology clinic with the lower urinary tract symptoms. irritative symptoms were dominant withou...

results like other cancers, prostate cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic alterations in a cell that drives it to malignant growth. specific genes and gene alterations have been suggested to play a role in its development and progression. aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity, gene mutations, hypermethylation and inactivation of specific tumour suppressor genes such as gstpi, apc, mdr1, ...