The 24 h urinary excretion of 17-oxo and oxogenic steroids is often used in the investigation of adrenal disease, the 17-oxosteroids reflecting androgen production. The assay involves the formation of a chromogen with 17-oxosteroids by the Zimmerman reaction (Callow et al., 1938). Although a number of drugs are known to interfere with this reaction (Varley et al., 1976; Gray et al., 1969) inter...

anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of biodegradable organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen or in an oxygen-starved environment.this technology is superior to the landfilling and also the aerobic composting. the aim of the present study was to examine whether the effluent volatile fatty acids from the anaerobic acidogenesis of the food waste can be used du to its high valu...

I. Studies were made of the fermentation of D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose and sucrose by rumen contents from two cows fed I kg hay and 4 or 5 kg flaked maize once daily. The proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen before addition of carbohydrates varied widely but on average acetic acid constituted about 52%, propionic acid about 29 % and n-butyric aci...

Neisseria meningitidis is an important human pathogen that is capable of killing within hours of infection. Its normal habitat is the nasopharynx of adult humans. Here we identify a genomic island (the prp gene cluster) in N. meningitidis that enables this species to utilize propionic acid as a supplementary carbon source during growth, particularly under nutrient poor growth conditions. The pr...

Autoradiography of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid binding sites in human dentate nuclei indicated virtually no binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or gamma-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) binding sites, and a low density of kainate binding sites. alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid, metabotropic-quisqualate, benzodiazepine, and gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) binding s...

In the title compound, C10H11FN3O3S, the 2-fluoro-benzoyl and proponic acid groups maintain a trans-cis conformation with respect to the thiono C=S bond across their C-N bonds. The propionic acid group adopts an anti conformation about the C-C bond, with an N-C-C-C torsion angle of 173.8 (2)°. The amino groups are involved in the formation of intra-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯F hydrogen bonds. In t...

In the crystal of the title compound, C(8)H(9)NO(2), mol-ecules assemble to form C(8) chains along the b axis by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, supported by weaker C-H⋯O hydrogen bonded-inter-actions between adjacent chains.