We use Maude as our speciication language and the modal-calculus as our logic. We apply to speciications in Maude a framework of abstraction and veriication based on property-preserving mappings between transition systems. Firstly, we demonstrate how to employ abstraction in veriication of object-oriented speciications of distributed systems. Secondly, we use this framework to nd classes of pro...

We introduce gap inheritance, a new structural property on trees, which provides a way to quantify the degree to which intervals of descendants can be nested. Based on this property, two new classes of trees are derived that provide a closer approximation to the set of plausible natural language dependency trees than some alternative classes of trees: unlike projective trees, a word can have de...

We propose two general finite difference schemes that inherit energy conservation property from nonlinear wave equations, such as the nonlinear Klein– Gordon equation (NLKGE). One of proposed schemes is implicit and another is explicit. Many studies exist on FDSs that inherit energy conservation property from NLKGE and we can derive all of their schemes from the proposed general schemes in this...

Land is an essential natural resource that very important for the life and livelihood of all living things. Recognizing importance primary need land, it not uncommon disputes or to arise because this. The Basic Agrarian Law stipulates highest strongest ownership land rights, namely property can only be owned by Indonesian citizens. If there are foreign nationals who have rights in Indonesia acc...

The considerable increase in the amount of unclaimed inheritance or value deceased's frozen assets over time is a contentious topic among Muslim community Malaysia, and it must be emphasised. It likely that impression misunderstanding regarding planning, management, administration property, particularly appointment property administrators through Islamic concept al-wiṣāyah, has contributed to n...

the ownership that involves transactions and barters is subject to the validity of the intellectuals and the lawmaker, which is created by hypothetical (i‘tibārī) existence and can somehow be called a hypothetical relation for whose validity the existence of local convention is sufficient; therefore, ownership is neither among the categorical accidents, the existence of whose subjects is necess...

Clonal populations of microbial cells often show a high degree of phenotypic variability under homogeneous conditions. Stochastic fluctuations in the cellular components that determine cellular states can cause two distinct subpopulations, a property called bistability. Phenotypic heterogeneity can be readily obtained by interlinking multiple gene regulatory pathways, effectively resulting in a...

Property right is the permanent guarantor of economic sustenance. Economic assurance and political participation coincide with empowerment women. Being a Matrilineal society, Khasi tribe Meghalaya licenses inheritance to women, while patriarchal system in Assamese Society forbids women acquire property rights. Since previous studies do not exhibit inherent association among right, therefore cor...

We propose a logical analysis of the concept of typicality, central in human cognition (Rosch,1978). We start from an extension of Description Logic ALC (a computationally tractable fragment of First Order Logic, used to represent concept inclusions and ontologies) with a typicality operator T to consistently represent inheritance with exceptions (e.g. (i)typical birds fly, (ii) penguins are bi...

Nonmonotonic reasoning is reasoning which allows both a statement and its negation simultaneously to attain some degree of reliability. Such situations are called ambiguous. In this paper we investigate and describe a new approach for multiple inheritance with connict, which concentrates on nding the degree of plausibility of the statement and of its negation. We identify a new implicit default...